Search results for " lung"
showing 10 items of 680 documents
Serum surfactant protein D and exhaled nitric oxide as biomarkers of early lung damage in systemic sclerosis
2017
Background Interstitial lung disease (ILD) complicates the course of systemic sclerosis (SSc), representing the main cause of death in these patients. The identification of parameters that can predict the early onset and progression of ILD in SSc represents an unmet need in clinical practice. The study was designed to explore whether the surfactant proteins (SP) A and D may be used as noninvasive tools for the early identification of ILD in SSc. Alveolar exhaled nitric oxide (NO) was investigated as a surrogate marker of distal inflammation. Methods Unselected consecutive subjects newly diagnosed with scleroderma and subjects free of respiratory and systemic diseases were recruited. All pat…
Investigation into isoprenaline resistance in patients with obstructive lung disease
1974
12 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease have been studied in an investigation regarding the causes of resistance to isoprenaline. The effects of repeated intravenous doses of 10 µg isoprenaline were assessed by cross over comparison before and after infusions of isoprenaline and a placebo; the infusions lasted for 35 to 40 min and the amount of isoprenaline infused was 0.5 µg/min. Total resistance, thoracic gas volume (whole-body plethysmography) and heart rate (ECG) were measured. No decrease in bronchospasmolytic or positive chronotopic effects on single isoprenaline injections could be demonstrated after prolonged infusions of isoprenaline.
Kinetics of plasma biomarkers of inflammation and lung injury in surgical patients with or without postoperative pulmonary complications
2017
Background Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are common after major abdominal surgery. The kinetics of plasma biomarkers could improve identification of patients developing PPCs, but the kinetics may depend on intraoperative ventilator settings. Objective To test whether the kinetics of plasma biomarkers are capable of identifying patients who will develop PPCs, and whether the kinetics depend on the intraoperative level of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Design A preplanned substudy of a randomised controlled trial. Setting Operation room of five centres. Patients Two hundred and forty-two adult patients scheduled for abdominal surgery at risk of developing PPCs. Interv…
Sex difference and intra-operative tidal volume: Insights from the LAS VEGAS study
2021
BACKGROUND: One key element of lung-protective ventilation is the use of a low tidal volume (V(T)). A sex difference in use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) has been described in critically ill ICU patients. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine whether a sex difference in use of LTVV also exists in operating room patients, and if present what factors drive this difference. DESIGN, PATIENTS AND SETTING: This is a posthoc analysis of LAS VEGAS, a 1-week worldwide observational study in adults requiring intra-operative ventilation during general anaesthesia for surgery in 146 hospitals in 29 countries. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Women and men were compared with respect to use o…
A German multicenter, randomized phase III trial comparing irinotecan-carboplatin with etoposide-carboplatin as first-line therapy for extensive-dise…
2011
Background This trial was designed to prove superiority of irinotecan over etoposide combined with carboplatin in extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer. Patients and methods Patients were randomly assigned to receive carboplatin area under the curve 5 mg x min/ml either in combination with irinotecan 50 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15 (IP) or etoposide 140 mg/m2 on days 1-3 (EP). Primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) at 6 months. Secondary end points were overall survival (OS), response rate, and toxicity. Results Of 226 patients, 216 were eligible. Median PFS was 6.0 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 5.0-7.0] in the IP arm and 6.0 months (95% CI 5.2-6.8) in EP arm (P = 0.0…
Hypo-fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy for lung malignancies by means of helical tomotherapy: report of feasibility by a single-center expe…
2018
Background: Several experiences in the literature report SBRT as an effective treatment option for medically inoperable early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and oligometastatic disease. The optimal fractionation schedules and total dose remain controversial. In this study, we evaluated the safety in terms of toxicity and efficacy of using of 8â10 fractions schedules with Helical Tomotherapy (HT) for primary and metastatic lung lesions. Methods: Between March 2014 and May 2016, a total of 39 patients (median age 72 years, range 26â91) were treated with HT-SBRT for malignant lung lesions: 22 patients with early stage NSCLC, 17 with oligometastases. Patients received 8â10 fract…
Reduced airway responsiveness in non elite runners
2005
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005 Dec;37(12):2019-25. Reduced airway responsiveness in nonelite runners. Scichilone N, Morici G, Marchese R, Bonanno A, Profita M, Togias A, Bonsignore MR. SourceInstitute of Medicine and Pneumology, Respiratory Unit; University of Palermo, Italy. n.scichilone@libero.it Abstract PURPOSE: The effects of endurance training on airway responsiveness in nonasthmatic subjects are poorly defined. We hypothesized that airway responsiveness may differ between none-lite endurance athletes and sedentary subjects, and studied healthy, nonelite runners and sedentary controls by single-dose methacholine challenges carried out in the absence of deep inspirations, in that deep insp…
Oral versus intravenous vinorelbine: clinical safety profile
2005
The availability of chemotherapeutic drugs administrable by oral route represents a step forward in the management of cancer patients. Among oral agents, vinorelbine is particularly interesting for its pharmacological characteristics and clinical efficacy. Oral vinorelbine is rapidly absorbed (1.5-3 hours) with an elimination half-life of approximately 40 hours. It shows a low level of binding to plasma proteins (13%), is highly bound to platelets (78%) and has a hepatic metabolism and an absolute bioavailability of 40% with a moderate and similar interpatient variability for the two forms. Food has no influence on the pharmacokinetic profile of oral vinorelbine even if nausea/vomiting is l…
Prognostic value of initial chest CT findings for clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19
2020
Rationale: To identify whether the initial chest computed tomography (CT) findings of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are helpful for predicting the clinical outcome. Methods: A total of 224 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who underwent chest CT examination within the first day of admission were enrolled. CT findings, including the pattern and distribution of opacities, the number of lung lobes involved and the chest CT scores of lung involvement, were assessed. Independent predictors of adverse clinical outcomes were determined by multivariate regression analysis. Adverse outcome were defined as the need for mechanical ventilation or death. Results: Of 224 pat…
Accuracy of delivered versus preset minute ventilation of portable emergency ventilators.
1989
The accuracy of delivered minute volume (VE) ventilation of portable emergency ventilators (PEV) was evaluated. Five PEV from three manufacturers were adapted to an artificial lung for varying compliance and resistance. Each PEV was tested in the "no airmix" (pure oxygen) and "airmix" (approximately 60% oxygen) setting at different frequencies and VE. Measurement of delivered VE (VEdel) was made using a pneumotachograph and digital integration of the flow values greater than 1 min (maximal error +/- 2%). Maximal inspiratory pressure (Pinsp) was measured with a transducer. Two PEV from one manufacturer produced severe hyperventilation when used at low VE (i.e., in children). Two other PEV fr…