Search results for " mixing"

showing 10 items of 270 documents

Modelling of thermo-chemical properties over the sub-solidus MgO–FeO binary, as a function of iron spin configuration, composition and temperature

2014

Thermo-chemical properties and T–X phase relations diagram of the (Mg,Fe)O solid solution are modelled using mixing Helmholtz energy, ΔF(T,x)mixing, calculated by quantum mechanical and semi-empirical techniques. The sub-solidus MgO–FeO binary has been explored as a function of composition, with iron either in high-spin (HS) or low-spin (LS) configuration. Only the HS model provides physically sound results at room pressure, yielding a correct trend of cell edge versus composition, whereas LS’s issues are at variance with observations. Mixing Helmholtz energy has been parametrized by the following relationship: ΔF(T,x)mixing = x × y × [U0(T) + U1(T) × (x – y) + U2(T) × (x − y)2]−T × S(x,y)c…

ChemistryDegrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)(MgFe)OThermodynamicsSolidusMixing energyGibbs free energyMixing energy; Ab initio and semi-empirical modelling; (Mg; Fe)Osymbols.namesakeCrystallography(MgFe)O; Ab initio and semi-empirical modelling; Mixing energy; Geochemistry and Petrology; Materials Science (all)Geochemistry and PetrologyPhase (matter)Helmholtz free energysymbolsRelaxation (physics)General Materials ScienceMaterials Science (all)(MgFe)OAb initio and semi-empirical modellingMixing (physics)Solid solutionPhysics and Chemistry of Minerals
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Pressure Effects on the Thermodynamics oftrans-Decahydronaphthalene/Polystyrene Polymer Solutions: Application of the Sanchez-Lacombe Lattice Fluid T…

2003

The cloud-point temperatures (T-cl's) of trans-decahydronaphthalene(TD)/polystyrene (PS, (M) over bar (w) = 270 000) solutions were determined by light scattering measurements over a range of temperatures (1-16degreesC), pressures (100-900 bar), and compositions (4.2-21.6 vol.-% polymer). The system phase separates upon cooling and T-cl was found to increase with rising pressure for constant composition. In the absence of special effects, this finding indicates positive excess volume for the mixing. Special attention was paid to the demixing temperatures as a function of pressure for different polymer solutions and the plots in the T-phi plane (where phi signifies volume fractions). The clo…

Cloud pointSpinodalPolymers and PlasticsChemistryOrganic ChemistryThermodynamicsFlory–Huggins solution theoryCondensed Matter PhysicsEnthalpy of mixingCritical point (thermodynamics)Phase (matter)Materials ChemistryCompressibilityPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryPhase diagramMacromolecular Chemistry and Physics
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Convergence of Markov Chains

2020

We consider a Markov chain X with invariant distribution π and investigate conditions under which the distribution of X n converges to π as n→∞. Essentially it is necessary and sufficient that the state space of the chain cannot be decomposed into subspaces that the chain does not leave, or that are visited by the chain periodically; e.g., only for odd n or only for even n.

CombinatoricsMarkov chain mixing timeMarkov chainChain (algebraic topology)Markov renewal processBalance equationAdditive Markov chainMarkov propertyExamples of Markov chainsMathematics
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Using Taguchi method for the optimization of processing variables to prepare porous scaffolds by combined melt mixing/particulate leaching

2017

Synthetic biopolymers have made significant inroads into the development of devices for tissue regeneration. In this context, a challenge is the achievement of appropriate properties mimicking the natural extracellular matrix by fabricating scaffolds presenting mechanical properties, specific surface, porosity and pore interconnection adequate for the final application. This study involved a systematic procedure based on Taguchi method for parameters optimization of melt mixing/particulate leaching combined processes aiming to enhance the performance of the scaffolds. In particular, it was evaluated the effect of time and temperature of melt mixing of the poly(lactic acid) matrix with two w…

Combined processingMaterials science02 engineering and technology010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesSalt leachingchemistry.chemical_compoundTaguchi methodsPorous scaffoldMelt mixinglcsh:TA401-492General Materials ScienceComposite materialPorosityInterconnectionANOVAMelt mixingMechanical Engineeringtechnology industry and agricultureSettore ING-IND/34 - Bioingegneria IndustrialeParticulates021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyPorous scaffold0104 chemical sciencesSettore ING-IND/22 - Scienza E Tecnologia Dei MaterialichemistryMechanics of MaterialsTaguchi methodlcsh:Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materialsLeaching (metallurgy)0210 nano-technologyEthylene glycolMaterials & Design
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Optical Fibers Enter a New Space-Time Era

2016

We show experimentally a new type of parametric instability associated with the original phenomenon of beam self-cleaning in multimode fibers. Our experimental results are in good agreement with numerical solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation.

Condensed Matter::Quantum GasesMulti-mode optical fiberOptical fiberbusiness.industrySpace timePhysics::OpticsParametric instabilitylaw.inventionFour-wave mixingOpticslawNear ultravioletbusinessLaser beamsBeam (structure)MathematicsPhotonics and Fiber Technology 2016 (ACOFT, BGPP, NP)
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Observation of classical optical wave condensation

2010

We demonstrate the nonlinear condensation of classical optical waves. The condensation is observed directly, as a function of nonlinearity and wave kinetic energy, in a self-defocusing photorefractive crystal.

Condensed Matter::Quantum GasesPhysicsCondensed Matter::OtherPhysics::OpticsNonlinear opticsKinetic energyPhysical opticsMolecular physicsCoherence lengthFour-wave mixingCross-polarized wave generationQuantum mechanicsNonlinear Sciences::Pattern Formation and SolitonsRefractive indexCoherence (physics)Frontiers in Optics 2010/Laser Science XXVI
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Income distribution dynamics: monotone Markov chains make light work

1995

This paper considers some aspects of the dynamics of income distributions by employing a simple Markov chain model of income mobility. The main motivation of the paper is to introduce the techniques of “monotone” Markov chains to this field. The transition matrix of a discrete Markov chain is called monotone if each row stochastically dominates the row above it. It will be shown that by embedding the dynamics of the income distribution in a monotone Markov chain, a number of interesting results may be obtained in a straightforward and intuitive fashion.

Continuous-time Markov chainEconomics and EconometricsMathematical optimizationMarkov kernelMarkov chain mixing timeMarkov chainVariable-order Markov modelApplied mathematicsMarkov propertyExamples of Markov chainsMarkov modelSocial Sciences (miscellaneous)MathematicsSocial Choice and Welfare
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Non-analog decay of 74Rb

2001

The magnitude of the Coulomb mixing parameter δ1 IM has been experimentally deduced, for the first time, for the β decay of 74Rb. The estimated magnitude is derived from the feeding of the non-analog first excited 0+ state in 74Kr. The inferred upper limit of 0.07% is small compared to theoretical predictions. The half-life was measured to be 64.90(9) ms. peerReviewed

Coulomb mixingsuperallowed β decayon-line mass separation
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Nonlinear pulse deceleration using photorefractive four-wave mixing

2009

We investigate the possibilities of the backward four-wave coupling based on the nonlocal photorefractive response for the nonlinear deceleration of light pulses. The presence of an additional external variable parameter—the pump intensity ratio—allows to improve the output characteristics of the decelerated pulses compared to those typical of the two-wave coupling. In particular, large delay times of the output pulses can be achieved without their strong amplification. This positive distinctive feature of the pulse deceleration occurs far from threshold of the mirrorless optical oscillation.

CouplingPhysicsbusiness.industryElectromagnetically induced transparencyOscillationNonlinear opticsStatistical and Nonlinear PhysicsPhotorefractive effectPulse shapingAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsPulse (physics)Four-wave mixingOpticsbusinessJournal of the Optical Society of America B
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Kristallisations- und schmelzverhalten von copolymeren aus 3,3-bis(chlormethyl)oxetan und ß-propiolacton

1974

Einkristalle von Copolymeren aus 3,3-Bis(chlormethyl)oxetan und s-Propiolacton wurden bezuglich Schmelzverhalten, Schmelzenthalpie, Dichte und Langperiode untersucht. Aus der Messung der Schmelzenthalpie und der Dichte berechnen sich Kristallisationsgrade von 50—60% in guter Ubereinstimmung mit einem Modell, welches den Ausschlus der aus s-Propiolacton (PL) entstandenen Grundbausteine von dem aus Sequenzen der 3,3-Bis(chlormethyl)oxetan (BCMO-)Einheiten aufgebauten Gitter verlangt. Im Vergleich zu reinem Poly-BCMO wird die Dicke der Copolymereinkristalle nur wenig durch Anderung der Kristallisationstemperatur beEinflust. Wegen des blockartigen Aufbaus der Copolymeren bestimmt die mittlere S…

Crystalchemistry.chemical_compoundlawChemistryEnthalpy of fusionPolymer chemistryCopolymerMelting pointCrystallizationEntropy of mixingSequence structureOxetanelaw.inventionDie Makromolekulare Chemie
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