Search results for " non-steroidal"
showing 10 items of 281 documents
Dexketoprofen/tramadol: randomised double-blind trial and confirmation of empirical theory of combination analgesics in acute pain
2015
Background Combination analgesics are effective in acute pain, and a theoretical framework predicts efficacy for combinations. The combination of dexketoprofen and tramadol is untested, but predicted to be highly effective. Methods This was a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, single-dose trial in patients with moderate or severe pain following third molar extraction. There were ten treatment arms, including dexketoprofen trometamol (12.5 mg and 25 mg) and tramadol hydrochloride (37.5 mg and 75 mg), given as four different fixed combinations and single components, with ibuprofen 400 mg as active control as well as a placebo control. The study objecti…
Clinical effectiveness and safety of a distraction-rotation knee brace for medial knee osteoarthritis
2015
Abstract Objective Evaluation of the clinical effectiveness and safety of a new custom-made valgus knee brace (OdrA) in medial knee osteoarthritis (OA) in terms of pain and secondary symptoms. Methods Open-label prospective study of patients with symptomatic medial knee OA with clinical evaluation at 6 and 52 weeks (W6, W52). We systematically assessed pain on a visual analog scale (VAS), Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), spatio-temporal gait variables, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and analgesic-sparing effects of the brace and tolerance. Mean scores were compared at baseline, W6 and W52 and the effect size (ES) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI…
Effect of bakuchiol on leukocyte functions and some inflammatory responses in mice.
1996
Abstract The effects of bakuchiol, a meroterpenoid isolated from the leaves of Psoralea glandulosa L., on phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity from different sources, human neutrophil responses, zymosan air pouch and topical inflammation in mice, were investigated. This natural product was a weak inhibitor of secretory and intracellular PLA2 but dose-dependently reduced the formation of LTB4 and TXB2 by human neutrophils and platelet microsomes, respectively. In addition, bakuchiol inhibited degranulation in human neutrophils, whereas superoxide generation was not affected. In mice, bakuchiol decreased cell migration, myeloperoxidase activity and eicosanoid levels in the air pouch inflammation …
Anti-inflammatory compounds from Sideritis javalambrensis n-hexane extract.
1989
The anti-inflammatory activities of the n-hexane extract of Sideritis javalambrensis and several purified fractions were investigated using the carrageenan mouse paw edema test. Progressive fractionation led to the isolation of the active principles ent-16-hydroxy-13-epimanoyl oxide [1] and esters of tyrosol with palmitic, stearic, behenic, and lignoceric acids.
Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Acacia pennata wild (Mimosaceae)
2005
The butanolic fraction of dried leaves of Acacia pennata (Mimosaceae) was tested for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in animal models. It showed significant protective effects against chemical stimuli (acetic acid and formalin) in the mouse. It also produced a significant increase of the threshold of sensitivity to pressure-induced pain in the rats. The extract revealed an inhibitory effect in carrageenin-induced rat paw oedema in the late phase. The results suggested that a peripheral mechanism is involved in the analgesic, associated to anti-inflammatory effect (NSAIDs-like). Among the class of compounds characterized in this fraction, flavonoids may be mainly responsible for t…
A novel class of potent nonglycosidic and nonpeptidic pan-selectin inhibitors.
2006
An early step of the inflammatory response, the rolling of leukocytes on activated endothelial cells, is mediated by selectin/carbohydrate interactions. The tetrasaccharide sialy Lewisx is a ligand for E-, P-, and L-selectin and therefore serves as a lead structure for the development of analogues. A combination of synthesis and structure-based design allowed rapid optimization. The current lead 2a was evaluated in our E-selectin cell flow chamber assay where it proved to inhibit rolling and adhesion with an IC50 of 28+/-7 microM. The assays used are predictive for the in vivo efficacy of test compounds as shown for 2a in a proteose peptone induced peritonitis model of acute inflammation in…
Preemptive analgesic effectiveness of oral ketorolac plus local tramadol after impacted mandibular third molar surgery
2010
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare preemptive analgesia of oral ketorolac plus submucous local placebo with oral ketorolac plus submucous local tramadol after impacted mandibular third molar surgery. Study design: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted. Patients were randomized into two treatment groups (n = 15 per group): group A, oral ketorolac 10 mg, 30 minutes before surgery plus submucous local placebo (1 mL saline solution); group B, oral ketorolac 10 mg, 30 minutes before surgery plus submucous local tramadol (50 mg diluted in 1 mL saline solution). We evaluated the intensity of pain, time for the first analgesic rescue medication, an…
The anti-inflammatory drugs diclofenac, naproxen and ibuprofen are found in the bile of wild fish caught downstream of a wastewater treatment plant.
2012
Pharmaceutical residues are ubiquitous in rivers, lakes, and at coastal waters affected by discharges from municipal wastewater treatment plants. In this study, the presence of 17 different pharmaceuticals and six different phase I metabolites was determined in the bile of two wild fish species, bream (Abramis brama) and roach (Rutilus rutilus). The fish were caught from a lake that receives treated municipal wastewater via a small river. Prior to analyses, the bile content was enzymatically hydrolyzed to convert the glucuronide metabolites into the original pharmaceuticals or phase I metabolites. The solid phase extracts of hydrolyzates were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass sp…
Pharmacological activity of PF-904 in guinea pig in vivo, and on human bronchus and neutrophils in vitro.
1997
The effects of PF-904 (4-amino-1-ethyl-6-methylpyrazino[2,3-c][1,2,6]thiadiazine 2,2-dioxide), a pyrazinothiadiazine derivative, were examined in guinea-pig airways in vivo, in human isolated bronchus and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PF-904 (12.5-200 mg/kg, intraduodenal) reduced bronchoconstriction in response to histamine, arachidonic acid, platelet-activating factor (PAF) and methacholine. PF-904 (50-200 mg/kg) prevented PAF-induced airways hyperreactivity and inhibited antigen-induced bronchoconstriction, airway microvascular leakage and eosinophil lung accumulation, but antigen-induced airways hyperresponsiveness was not reduced. PF-904 (1 microM-1 mM) produced complete inhibiti…
Selectivity of Neutrophil 5-Lipoxygenase and Cyclo-oxygenase Inhibition by an Anti-inflammatory Flavonoid Glycoside and Related Aglycone Flavonoids
1988
Abstract A newly described plant-derived flavonoid, hypolaetin-8-glucoside, which has anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective actions in-vivo, and its corresponding aglycone, hypolaetin, have been compared with 14 other flavonoids for inhibition of eicosanoid generation via the 5-lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase pathways in elicited rat peritoneal leukocytes stimulated with calcium ionophore. Comparable results for the inhibitory profiles of the compounds were obtained using either radioimmunoassay of released eicosanoids or radio-TLC of metabolites formed from labelled arachidonate, but there were differences in absolute potency of the inhibitors. Hypolaetin-8-glucoside was a weak but selec…