Search results for " optimism"
showing 10 items of 24 documents
Household Optimism and Borrowing
2012
A unique Finnish household-level data from 1994 to 2009 allow us to measure how households’ financial expectations are related to the subsequent outcomes. We use the difference between the two to measure forecast errors and household optimism and link the errors to households’ borrowing behaviour. We find that households making greatest optimistic forecast errors carry greater levels of debt and are most likely to suffer from excessive debt loads (overindebtedness). They also are less attentive to forecast errors than their pessimistic counterparts when forming their expectations for a subsequent period.
Brief report: Assessing dispositional optimism in adolescence – Factor structure and concurrent validity of the Life Orientation Test – Revised
2014
Dispositional optimism is an individual difference promoting psychosocial adjustment and well-being during adolescence. Dispositional optimism was originally defined as a one-dimensional construct; however, empirical evidence suggests two correlated factors in the Life Orientation Test - Revised (LOT-R).The main aim of the study was to evaluate the dimensionality of the LOT-R. This study is the first attempt to identify the best factor structure, comparing congeneric, two correlated-factor, and two orthogonal-factor models in a sample of adolescents. Concurrent validity was also assessed.The results demonstrated the superior fit of the two orthogonal-factor model thus reconciling the one-di…
Profesionālo izglītības iestāžu pedagogu klasvadības pieeju un akadēmiskā optimisma sakarības
2019
Maģistra darba mērķis bija noskaidrot, vai pastāv saistība profesionālās vidējās izglītības iestāžu pedagogu klasvadības pieejās un akadēmiskajā optimismā. Pētījuma mērķis bija adaptēt aptauju Attieksme un uzskati klases kontrolē un Vidusskolas pedagogu akadēmiskā optimisma skala, analizējot ticamības rādītājus, kā arī salīdzināt vispārizglītojošo un profesionālo mācību priekšmetu pedagogu klasvadības pieeju un akadēmiskā optimisma rādītājus un noteikt, vai tajos pastāv saistības. Pētījumā piedalījās 102 Rīgas kultūrizglītības programmu skolu vispārizglītojošo un profesionālo mācību priekšmetu pedagogi. Aptaujas Attieksme un uzskati klases kontrolē un Vidusskolas pedagogu akadēmiskā optimis…
The Contribution of Religiosity and Optimism on Well-Being of Youth and Emerging Adults in Italy
2017
In line with Positive Youth Development (PYD) framework positing that religion can provide youth with resources to thrive, this chapter presents a contribution analyzing the associations between religiosity and well-being among middle and late adolescents, and emerging adults in Italy. In fact, this country is a relevant context for studying this topic, considering the social and historical presence of Catholicism. We conceptualized religiosity as religious commitment and well-being as life satisfaction. Then, we focused on the mediating role of optimism between these two constructs and investigated differences among age groups concerning those associations. A multiple-group path analysis r…
Brief report - "Every little thing gonna be all right" (at least for me): Dispositional optimists display higher optimistic bias for infection during…
2020
Dispositional optimism (DO) and optimistic bias (OB) in risk perception are two distinct phenomena and previous studies about their reciprocal relationship report contrasting results. In the present study, we focused on the relationship between DO and OB when reporting the personal and the other persons' risk about COVID-19. We hypothesized that, when facing a largely uncontrollable risky situation (like the recent pandemic), dispositional optimists would defensively increase their OB about the current risks. A convenience sample of 414 Italian participants aged 18 or older were recruited. They completed a questionnaire investigating past protective behaviors, DO, perceived personal and oth…
Measuring dispositional optimism in patients with chronic heart failure and their healthcare providers: The validity of the Life Orientation Test-Rev…
2017
Patrizia Steca,1 Dario Monzani,1 Antonia Pierobon,2 Giulia Avvenuti,2 Andrea Greco,1 Anna Giardini2 1Department of Psychology, University of Milano – Bicocca, Milan, 2Psychology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri Spa SB, IRCCS Montescano, Montescano, Italy Abstract: The Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) measures dispositional optimism (DO) – an individual difference promoting physical and psychological well-being in healthy adults (HAs) as well as in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and healthcare providers (HPs). Controversy has arisen regarding the dimensionality of the LOT-R. Whereas DO was originally defined as a one-dimensional construct, empiri…
“Can do!” Teacher Promotion of Optimism in Response to Student Failure Expectation Expressions in Classroom Discourse
2019
This study offers detailed observational analyses of how teachers use optimism as an instructional resource when responding to students’ failure expectation displays in classroom situations. The results were based on video-recordings of 25 lessons in two Finnish part-time special education settings, analysed by means of applied conversation analysis. The results showed that the teachers boosted optimism by inverting students’ negative utterances, giving examples of successful experiences of peers, offering praise for students’ earlier performance or focusing on problems through instructional support. The study underlines the importance of addressing and elaborating students’ negative learni…
Ekspektāciju izmaiņas laikā un pašvērtējums
2017
Pētījuma mērķis bija noskaidrot vai indivīdi samazina savas ekspektācijas, saistībā ar kādu notikumu, tuvojoties brīdim, kad tiks noskaidrots notikuma iznākums, kā arī to vai pašvērtējums maina šo ekspektāciju izmaiņas. Pētījumā piedalījās 31 respondents (77,42 sieviešu; 22,58 % vīriešu), vecumā no 20-48 gadiem (M =24,2, SD = 5,33). Pētījumā tika izmantota Rozenberga pašvērtējuma aptauja (Rozenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Rozenberg, 1965) un pašizveidota aptauja ekspektāciju noteikšanai. Pētījumā rezultātos parādījās, ka pašvērtējums nav saistīts ar to, kā indivīdi izdara prognozes par sagaidāmo atzīmi pārbaudes darbā. Papildus, lai arī indivīdiem bija novērojams nereālistiskais optimisms, tuvoj…
Factors Affecting Occupational Burnout Among Nurses Including Job Satisfaction, Life Satisfaction, and Life Orientation: A Cross-Sectional Study
2021
Agnieszka Zborowska,1 Piotr Jerzy Gurowiec,2 Agnieszka Młynarska,3,4 Izabella Uchmanowicz1,5 1Department of Clinical Nursing, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland; 2Institute of Health Sciences, University of Opole, Opole, Poland; 3Department of Gerontology and Geriatric Nursing, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; 4Department of Electrocardiology, Upper Silesian Heart Centre, Katowice, Poland; 5Centre for Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, PolandCorrespondence: Izabella UchmanowiczDepartment of Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Bartla 5, Wroclaw, 51-618, PolandTel +48 71 784 18 05Fax +48 71 345 93 24Em…
Mood, Burnout, and Dispositional Optimism in Kayak Polo Players During Their Competitive Stage.
2021
© 2021. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Frontiers in Psychology. To access the final edited and published work see 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.667603 The main objective of performance sport is to obtain achievements at the highest level through the adequate development of the athlete. The scientific literature demonstrates the fundamental role played by the inclusion of certain psychological variables in the training plan. This study examined the psychological profile of kayak polo players through the variables of burnou…