Search results for " polar"

showing 10 items of 1091 documents

NG2 regulates directional migration of oligodendrocyte precursor cells via Rho GTPases and polarity complex proteins.

2013

The transmembrane proteoglycan NG2 is expressed by oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC), which migrate to axons during developmental myelination and remyelinate in the adult after migration to injured sites. Highly invasive glial tumors also express NG2. Despite the fact that NG2 has been implicated in control of OPC migration, its mode of action remains unknown. Here, we show in vitro and in vivo that NG2 controls migration of OPC through the regulation of cell polarity. In stab wounds in adult mice we show that NG2 controls orientation of OPC toward the wound. NG2 stimulates RhoA activity at the cell periphery via the MUPP1/Syx1 signaling pathway, which favors the bipolar shape of migrat…

Threoninerho GTP-Binding ProteinsRHOAPolarity (physics)CellNerve Tissue ProteinsGTPaseBiologyCell MovementAucun;physiologyCell polaritymedicineGuanine Nucleotide Exchange FactorsHumansT-Lymphoma Invasion and Metastasis-inducing Protein 1genetics;physiologyAntigensPhosphorylationCell ShapeTight Junction ProteinsGeneral NeuroscienceChemotaxisStem CellsCell PolarityArticlesTransmembrane proteinCell biologyrac GTP-Binding ProteinsOligodendrogliamedicine.anatomical_structurenervous systembiosynthesis;geneticsphysiologybiology.proteinPhosphorylationRNAProteoglycansRNA InterferenceSignal transductionmetabolismSignal Transduction
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Side-specific effects by cadmium exposure: Apical and basolateral treatment in a coculture model of the blood–air barrier

2010

Cadmium (Cd{sup 2+}) is a widespread environmental pollutant, which is associated with a wide variety of cytotoxic and metabolic effects. Recent studies showed that intoxication with the heavy metal most importantly targets the integrity of the epithelial barrier. In our study, the lung epithelial cell line, NCI H441, was cultured with the endothelial cell line, ISO-HAS-1, as a bilayer on a 24-well HTS-Transwell (registered) filter plate. This coculture model was exposed to various concentrations of CdCl{sub 2}. The transepithelial electrical resistance decreased on the apical side only after treatment with high Cd{sup 2+} concentrations after 48 h. By contrast, a breakdown of TER to less t…

Time FactorsCell SurvivalToxicologyTight JunctionsProinflammatory cytokineAlveolar cellsCadmium ChlorideCell Line TumorElectric ImpedancemedicineHumansViability assayRespiratory systemFragmentation (cell biology)Cell ShapePharmacologyBlood-Air BarrierDose-Response Relationship DrugChemistryCell PolarityEndothelial CellsEpithelial CellsBlood–air barrierAdherens JunctionsMolecular biologyCoculture TechniquesEndothelial stem cellmedicine.anatomical_structureCytoprotectionImmunologyCytokinesCalciumInflammation MediatorsIntracellularToxicology and Applied Pharmacology
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Cholesterol Modulates the Interaction of β-Amyloid Peptide with Lipid Bilayers

2009

The interaction of an amphiphilic, 40-amino acid beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptide with liposomal membranes as a function of sterol mole fraction (X(sterol)) was studied based on the fluorescence anisotropy of a site-specific membrane sterol probe, dehydroergosterol (DHE), and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the native Tyr-10 residue of Abeta to DHE. Without Abeta, peaks or kinks in the DHE anisotropy versus X(sterol) plot were detected at X(sterol) approximately 0.25, 0.33, and 0.53. Monomeric Abeta preserved these peaks/kinks, but oligomeric Abeta suppressed them and created a new DHE anisotropy peak at X(sterol) approximately 0.38. The above critical X(sterol) values coinci…

Time FactorsLipid BilayersMolecular Sequence DataBiophysicsPeptideFluorescence Polarization7. Clean energy03 medical and health scienceschemistry.chemical_compound0302 clinical medicineAlzheimer DiseaseErgosterolFluorescence Resonance Energy TransferAmino Acid SequenceLipid bilayer030304 developmental biologychemistry.chemical_classification0303 health sciencesLiposomeAmyloid beta-PeptidesChemistryCholesterolSterolPeptide FragmentsCrystallographyFörster resonance energy transferMembraneCholesterolCell BiophysicsTyrosinelipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)030217 neurology & neurosurgeryFluorescence anisotropyProtein BindingBiophysical Journal
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Optical near-field distributions of surface plasmon waveguide modes

2003

International audience; Thin gold stripes, featuring various widths in the micrometer range, were microfabricated to obtain surface-plasmon guides on a glass substrate. Each metal stripe (MS) was excited by an incident surface-plasmon polariton which was itself launched on an extended thin gold film by the total internal reflection of a focused beam coming through the substrate. The optical near-field distributions of the surface-plasmon (sp) modes sustained by the stripes were then recorded using a photon scanning tunneling microscope (PSTM). For a fixed frequency of the incident light, these field distributions are found to depend on the widths of the stripes. We first provide an experime…

Total internal reflectionMaterials sciencePOLARITONbusiness.industrySurface plasmonPhysics::Optics02 engineering and technologyPROPAGATION021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology01 natural sciencesSurface plasmon polaritonRayOpticsMETAL-FILM0103 physical sciencesFINITE-WIDTHReflection (physics)[ SPI.NANO ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics[SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics010306 general physics0210 nano-technologybusinessRefractive indexPlasmonLocalized surface plasmon
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Resolution of the photon scanning tunneling microscope: influence of physical parameters

1992

Abstract The photon scanning tunneling microscope (PSTM) is the photon analogue of the electron scanning tunneling microscope (ESTM). It uses the evanescent field due to total internal reflection (TIR) of a light beam in a prism modulated by a sample placed on the base of the prism. Our experimental results shown details which present a lateral size as small as 200 A. The PSTM axial resolution is more difficult to evaluate. It is a function of the roughness of the sample. For very smooth samples, images shown an axial resolution of about 10 A. At last we discuss how both lateral and axial resolution can be affected by several parameters such as the tip surface distance and the roughness of …

Total internal reflectionScanning Hall probe microscopeChemistrybusiness.industryResolution (electron density)Scanning tunneling spectroscopySpin polarized scanning tunneling microscopyAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsElectronic Optical and Magnetic Materialslaw.inventionScanning probe microscopyOpticslawPrismScanning tunneling microscopebusinessInstrumentationUltramicroscopy
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Use of the Transglutaminase Reaction To Study the Dissociation of Histone N-Terminal Tails from DNA in Nucleosome Core Particles

1997

We have recently shown that core histones are glutaminyl substrates for transglutaminase (TGase) and that when native nucleosome cores are incubated with monodansylcadaverine (DNC) as donor amine, this fluorescent probe is incorporated into Gln5 and Gln19 of H3 and in Gln22 of H2B [Ballestar et al. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 18817-18825]. In the present paper, we report that the cause by which Gln22 of H2B is modified in nucleosomes but not in the free histone is the interaction of the region containing that glutamine with DNA. We have used the specificity of the TGase reaction to study the changes induced by increasing ionic strength in the interaction between the histone N-terminal tails …

TransglutaminasesbiologyMovementOsmolar ConcentrationFluorescence PolarizationDNABiochemistryLinker DNAMolecular biologyNucleosomesHistoneschemistry.chemical_compoundHistoneModels ChemicalchemistryIonic strengthCadaverineChromatosomeBiophysicsbiology.proteinNucleosomeHistone octamerFluorescence anisotropyDNABiochemistry
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Introduction to Self-Assembled Monolayers

2015

One of the most exciting targets of molecular spintronics field is to go towards multifunctional devices where the properties can be accurately controlled and actively changed. Spin dependent hybridization at the metal/molecule interface could thus be used in the tailoring of the resistive and magnetoresistive response of spintronic devices exploiting chemistry versatility. In this new direction, Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) appear as highly promising candidates since each part and function of this system can be modulated independently (like a molecular LEGO building unit). Despite highly promising, they are still scarcely investigated in the literature probably due to the difficulties …

Tunnel magnetoresistanceResistive touchscreenFabricationSpin polarizationSpintronicsMagnetoresistanceMolecular electronicsNanotechnologySelf-assembled monolayer
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Applet de Física. Polarización lineal: Ley de Malus.

2012

Quan un feix de llum incideix sobre un conjunt de dos o més polaritzadors lineals la intensitat transmesa, que depèn de l'angle relatiu entre ells, es pot expressar mitjançant la llei de Malus. En aquesta simulació es pot veure l'efecte sobre la intensitat del feix incident de l'actuació d'un, dos i fins a tres polaritzadors lineals, dels quals podem seleccionar el seu nombre i variar l'orientació del seu eix de transmissió, comprovant d'aquesta manera el compliment de la llei de Malus. Cuando un haz de luz incide sobre un conjunto de dos o más polarizadores lineales la intensidad transmitida, que depende del ángulo relativo entre ellos, se puede expresar mediante la ley de Malus. En esta s…

UNESCO::FÍSICA::Óptica::Optica físicaUNESCO::FÍSICA::ÓpticaUNESCO::FÍSICAUNESCO::FÍSICA::Electromagnetismo::Ondas electromagnéticasFísica; Óptica; PolarizaciónUNESCO::FÍSICA::Óptica::Otras (Polarización)UNESCO::FÍSICA::Óptica::Luz
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Like barn leker mest, men er det best? : Integrering av enslige mindreårige gjennom fritidsaktiviteter

2016

Master thesis development management - University of Agder 2016

UT503VDP::Social science: 200::Sociology: 220En polarisert og betent debatt preger tematikken omkring det store antallet mennesker som søker seg til Europa og til Norge på flukt fra krig og fattigdom. Den største flyktningekrisen siden den 2. verdenskrig har bidratt til å bringe den politiske opinionen i Europa stadig lengre mot det populistiske og nasjonalistiske høyre der vinklingene i all hovedsak handler om utfordringene og problemene som flyktningene bringer med seg. I det som er blitt betegnet som et kappløp mot bunnen har de europeiske statene igangsatt et svarteperspill der det kappes om å gjøre seg minst mulig attraktive for flyktningene. Midt i denne krisen er barna de mest sårbare av alle. Hver enkelt av dem har rett til beskyttelse i henhold til Barnekonvensjonen. Flyktningekrisen påvirker opinion også i Norge og hvordan majoritetsbefolkningen tar i mot de som er innvilget opphold her i landet. Migrasjonsforskningen er og har vært preget av de store fortellingene der innvandring ses i sammenheng med landets utvikling generelt. Graden av suksess eller fiasko blir ofte målt ved å se på flyktningenes tilpasningsevne til statlige og sosiale rammer. I denne oppgaven vil fokus ligge på de små fortellingene; enslige unge flyktningers egne erfaringer i møte med et nytt land. Med utgangspunkt i de unges forhold til organiserte fritidsaktiviteter ønsker jeg å belyse deres egenforståelse av hva som hemmer og fremmer deres integreringsprosess i Norge.
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Property (w) for perturbations of polaroid operators

2008

Abstract A bounded linear operator T ∈ L ( X ) acting on a Banach space satisfies property ( w ) , a variant of Weyl’s theorem, if the complement in the approximate point spectrum σ a ( T ) of the Weyl essential approximate-point spectrum σ wa ( T ) is the set of all isolated points of the spectrum which are eigenvalues of finite multiplicity. In this note, we study the stability of property ( w ) for a polaroid operator T acting on a Banach space, under perturbations by finite rank operators, by nilpotent operators and, more generally, by algebraic operators commuting with T.

Unbounded operatorDiscrete mathematicsNumerical AnalysisPure mathematicsAlgebra and Number TheoryApproximation propertyProperty (w)Weyl’s theoremsFredholm operatorSpectrum (functional analysis)Banach spaceProperty (w) Weyl’s theorems Polaroid operatorsFinite-rank operatorOperator theoryBounded operatorPolaroid operatorsDiscrete Mathematics and CombinatoricsGeometry and TopologyMathematicsLinear Algebra and its Applications
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