Search results for " practices"

Impact of early feeding practices on food acceptance at complementary feeding. [Présentation donnée lors d'une réunion avec des partenaires scientifi…

2016

Use of added sugar, salt and fat in the first year in France and associated factors in the ELFE cohort study

2018

National audience; Background and Aims: To describe added sugar, salt and fat uses and their determinants during complementary feeding (CF) period in infants aged 3 to 10 months. Methods: Data are drawn from the ELFE study (Etude longitudinale Française depuis l'Enfance) which included >18000 infants in 2011. A frequency food questionnaire of consumption of added sugar, salt and fat was monthly completed by the mother from the 3rd to the 10th month (N=10,649). The associations between the use of each added-ingredient and (1) socio-economic characteristics and (2) infant care and feeding practices were studied with two models (the second including the factors of the first) with multivariate …

Maternal and paternal feeding practices: links with child eating behaviors and effects of couples' concordant/discordant practices

2021

International audience; Past research has mainly focused on mothers' feeding practices. This study aimed to study (1) gender differences in parental feeding practices, and (2) the impact of couples' concordant/discordant food parenting practices on child eating behaviors. To do so, both parents of 105 French children aged 2.01-6.51 years (51.4% boys, Mage= 3.88 years, SD=1.40) filled in a survey with items from validated questionnaires. Results showed that fathers and mothers had similar perceptions about their child's eating behaviors (Pearson correlations between 0.34 and 0.78; M=0.60), despite fathers taking significantly fewer meals with their child than mothers. Fathers reported using …

Ecology of N2O reducing bacteria in arable soils

2016

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas (GHG) and the main ozone depleting substance. Agricultural soils are the main anthropogenic-induced source of this GHG. The concentration of N2O in the atmosphere is steadily increasing, but we still lack knowledge on the factors controlling its production and consumption in soils. The reduction of N2O to N2 by microorganisms harboring the N2O reductase gene (nosZ) is the only known biological process able to consume this GHG. Recent studies revealed a previously unknown clade of N2O-reducers which was shown to be important to the N2O sink capacity of soils. This thesis seeks to gain a greater understanding on the ecology of N2O-reducers in…

Analyze and simulation a dynamic of soil indicators fertility under different agricultural management practices in cotton area of Togo

2011

Using data observed during 20 to 40 years in different agro-ecosystems of Togo, we analyzed soil fertility dynamic under different agricultural management practices. Tree soil C models of varying complexity were tested, and the most accurate in terms of soil C dynamics description in these tropical soils was associated with the QUEFTS model and with nutrient partial balance to analyze the effect of each agricultural management practice. Results indicated that, although fertilizers N, P and K were continuously applied at a recommended rate by the research (RR) or at this rate increased in 50% (1.5RR), initial cotton and cereals yields of 1.5 to 2 t ha˗1 and 2 to 3 t ha˗1, respectively, decre…

Gestion du pâturage au printemps en système bovin allaitant : diversité des pratiques en Saône-et-Loire

2009

National audience; Grazed grass is the cheapest forage for making meat'. In order to incite farmers to make their forage systems more self-sufficient and thrifty, the 'Chambre d'Agriculture de Saone-et-Loire' (a professional agricultural organization for that departement) has been monitoring for five years the management of spring grazing on 23 farms. The analysis of farmers' practices lead to considerations as to put to the best use the grazed grass, according to the pedo-climatic conditions and the constraints of the farms. With the aim of optimizing the pasture resources in order to limit the purchase of concentrates and to cope with the climatic hazards, the study of the management of s…

Transition to conservation agriculture : changes in cropping practices and responses of weed communities

2020

Conservation agriculture is a farming system based on the continuous and simultaneous application of three principles: minimal soil disturbance, continuous residue cover on the soil surface and diverse crop rotations. Adoption of this form of sustainable agriculture in France since the 2000s has been hampered by a number of constraints, including the development and management of weed populations. From an agronomic point of view, the adoption of conservation agriculture and associated abandonment of tillage results in a significant loss of weed management practices for farmers. From an ecological point of view, its application can modify all the assembly processes that act on weed communiti…

Highlighting the role of diversity in driving weed dynamics and weed-crop interactions

2017

EAGESTAD INRA; Weeds are responsible for crop losses and their management, mainly through herbicide applications, has led to resistances and environmental impacts. Integrated Weed Management encourages the use of “many little hammers” such as crop rotation, mechanical weeding, stale seedbed technique and delayed sowing … i.e. more complex and diversified cropping systems, in order to increase cropping system sustainability. However, research is still required to test the effectiveness of combinations of these alternative tactics in a wide range of agricultural contexts. Furthermore, the cropping system approach considers all these individual hammers, whose effects on agricultural weeds have…

Regional study of herbicide resistance of Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. in France

2006

International audience; Since the 1990s in the north-west of Europe, the spread of herbicide resistance in wheat weeds such as Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. (blackgrass) is becoming more and more important. In the French administrative district Côte d’Or resistance to fenoxaprop within A. myosuroides populations was first detected in 1996. In 2003, 149 fields from this district were randomly sampled and about 125 A. myosuroides populations were tested for herbicide resistance. The agronomic history of all sites was investigated. Most the populations of A. myosuroides investigated contained at least 50 % of plants with resistance to fenoxaprop. In 53 and 9 % of these populations at least 50 %…

Studying and modelling soil microbial communities dynamics at a landscape scale in response to agricultural practices

2019

Soil microbial communities play a major role in soil fertility and are important as bioindicators to evaluate the impacts of agricultural practices on soils. The challenge is to promote their use in order to support / accelerate innovation by proposing to farmers the tools necessary to assess the impacts of practice modifications on the soil microbial composition before implementing and validating them. The goal of this thesis is to characterize spatial and temporal dynamics of soil microbial communities at the scale of an agricultural landscape in order to create models and propose a Decision Support Instrument (DSI) for stakeholders in the agricultural communities. This will use a multi-d…