Search results for " rule"
showing 10 items of 628 documents
Luminescence and Light‐Driven Energy and Electron Transfer from an Exceptionally Long‐Lived Excited State of a Non‐Innocent Chromium(III) Complex
2019
Abstract Photoactive metal complexes employing Earth‐abundant metal ions are a key to sustainable photophysical and photochemical applications. We exploit the effects of an inversion center and ligand non‐innocence to tune the luminescence and photochemistry of the excited state of the [CrN6] chromophore [Cr(tpe)2]3+ with close to octahedral symmetry (tpe=1,1,1‐tris(pyrid‐2‐yl)ethane). [Cr(tpe)2]3+ exhibits the longest luminescence lifetime (τ=4500 μs) reported up to date for a molecular polypyridyl chromium(III) complex together with a very high luminescence quantum yield of Φ=8.2 % at room temperature in fluid solution. Furthermore, the tpe ligands in [Cr(tpe)2]3+ are redox non‐innocent, …
Automatic stabilizers, fiscal rules and macroeconomic stability
2006
This paper analyzes the effect of the fiscal structure upon the trade-off between inflation and output stabilization in the presence of technological shocks in a DGE model with nominal and real rigidities. The model reproduces the main features of European economies and it integrates a rich menu of fiscal variables as well as a target on the debt to output ratio. The main result of this paper is that distortionary taxes tend to increase output volatility relative to lump-sum taxes unless substantial rigidities are present. We explore in detail the mechanisms that generate such a result, and the conditions under which the supply-side effects of distortionary taxes and the procyclical behavio…
Decision Committee Learning with Dynamic Integration of Classifiers
2000
Decision committee learning has demonstrated spectacular success in reducing classification error from learned classifiers. These techniques develop a classifier in the form of a committee of subsidiary classifiers. The combination of outputs is usually performed by majority vote. Voting, however, has a shortcoming. It is unable to take into account local expertise. When a new instance is difficult to classify, then the average classifier will give a wrong prediction, and the majority vote will more probably result in a wrong prediction. Instead of voting, dynamic integration of classifiers can be used, which is based on the assumption that each committee member is best inside certain subar…
Dynamic Integration of Decision Committees
2000
Decision committee learning has demonstrated outstanding success in reducing classification error with an ensemble of classifiers. In a way a decision committee is a classifier formed upon an ensemble of subsidiary classifiers. Voting, which is commonly used to produce the final decision of committees has, however, a shortcoming. It is unable to take into account local expertise. When a new instance is difficult to classify, then it easily happens that only the minority of the classifiers will succeed, and the majority voting will quite probably result in a wrong classification. We suggest that dynamic integration of classifiers is used instead of majority voting in decision committees. Our…
Federalism and Party Democracy in West Germany
2011
According to Gerhard Lehmbruch, there is a growing inconsistency in West Germany between the principles of a federal polity and party democracy, primarily because the former relies on bargaining, and the latter relies on majority rule as a mechanism of conflict regulation. However, comparative analyses have shown that federalism and party competition are not incompatible. Generally, federal structures are neither detrimental nor conducive to the recruitment function of parties. Competence and experience as a parliamentary leader or as a specialist is the most essential precondition for advancement to national executive positions. The integrative capacities of political parties may even be s…
Dynamic integration with random forests
2006
Random Forests (RF) are a successful ensemble prediction technique that uses majority voting or averaging as a combination function. However, it is clear that each tree in a random forest may have a different contribution in processing a certain instance. In this paper, we demonstrate that the prediction performance of RF may still be improved in some domains by replacing the combination function with dynamic integration, which is based on local performance estimates. Our experiments also demonstrate that the RF Intrinsic Similarity is better than the commonly used Heterogeneous Euclidean/Overlap Metric in finding a neighbourhood for local estimates in the context of dynamic integration of …
Polygenic Score for Physical Activity Is Associated with Multiple Common Diseases
2021
Supplemental digital content is available in the text.
Early emergence of deviant frontal fMRI activity for phonological processes in poor beginning readers.
2010
Phonological awareness refers to the ability to perceive and manipulate the sound structure of language and is especially important when children learn to read. Poor phonological awareness is considered the major cause for the emergence of reading difficulties. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we examined the brain correlates of phonological processing in young beginning readers (aged 8.3+/-0.4 y, 2nd grade) with poor (25th percentile) or normal, age-appropriate reading skills (40th percentile) using a covert reading and mental letter substitution task. Letter substitution in words and nonwords induced pronounced activity in a left frontal language network related…
Fluency and rule breaking behaviour in the frontal cortex
2020
Design (DF) and phonemic fluency tests (FAS; D-KEFS, 2001) are commonly used to investigate voluntary generation. Despite this, several important issues remain poorly investigated. In a sizeable sample of patients with focal left or right frontal lesion we established that voluntary generation performance cannot be accounted for by fluid intelligence. For DF we found patients performed significantly worse than healthy controls (HC) only on the switch condition. However, no significant difference between left and right frontal patients was found. In contrast, left frontal patients were significantly impaired when compared with HC and right frontal patients on FAS. These lateralization findin…
Use of QT intervals for a more accurate diagnose of syncope and evaluation of syncope severity.
2014
Abstract BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the use of QT intervals, their diagnostic predictive value in patients with syncope and their relationship with syncope severity. METHODS: One hundred and forty nine patients with a diagnosis of syncope were admitted to Internal Medicine departments at the University of Palermo, Italy, between 2006 and 2012, and 140 control subjects hospitalised for other causes were enrolled. QT maximum, QT minimum, QTpeak, QT corrected, QT dispersion and Tpeak-to-Tend interval were compared between two groups. The paper medical records were used for scoring with San Francisco Syncope Rule (SFSR), Evaluation of Guidelines in SYncope Study (EGSYS) score and …