Search results for " senes"
showing 10 items of 146 documents
Npl3 stabilizes R-loops at telomeres to prevent accelerated replicative senescence.
2019
Abstract Telomere shortening rates must be regulated to prevent premature replicative senescence. TERRA R‐loops become stabilized at critically short telomeres to promote their elongation through homology‐directed repair (HDR), thereby counteracting senescence onset. Using a non‐bias proteomic approach to detect telomere binding factors, we identified Npl3, an RNA‐binding protein previously implicated in multiple RNA biogenesis processes. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and RNA immunoprecipitation, we demonstrate that Npl3 interacts with TERRA and telomeres. Furthermore, we show that Npl3 associates with telomeres in an R‐loop‐dependent manner, as changes in R‐loop levels, for example, …
Vascular aging in rodent models: contrasting mechanisms driving the female and male vascular senescence
2021
Increasing scientific interest has been directed to sex as a biological and decisive factor on several diseases. Several different mechanisms orchestrate vascular function, as well as vascular dysfunction in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in males and females. Certain vascular sex differences are present throughout life, while others are more evident before the menopause, suggesting two important and correlated drivers: genetic and hormonal factors. With the increasing life expectancy and aging population, studies on aging-related diseases and aging-related physiological changes have steeply grown and, with them, the use of aging animal models. Mouse and rat models of aging, the most…
The role of telomeres and telomerase in the senescence of postmitotic cells
2020
Senescence is a process related to the stopping of divisions and changes leading the cell to the SASP phenotype. Permanent senescence of many SASP cells contributes to faster aging of the body and development of age-related diseases due to the release of pro-inflammatory factors. Both mitotically active and non-dividing cells can undergo senescence as a result of activation of different molecular pathways. Telomeres, referred to as the molecular clock, direct the dividing cell into the aging pathway when reaching a critical length. In turn, the senescence of postmitotic cells depends not on the length of telomeres, but their functionality. Dysfunctional telomeres are responsible for trigger…
Relevance of Oxygen Concentration in Stem Cell Culture for Regenerative Medicine
2019
The key hallmark of stem cells is their ability to self-renew while keeping a differentiation potential. Intrinsic and extrinsic cell factors may contribute to a decline in these stem cell properties, and this is of the most importance when culturing them. One of these factors is oxygen concentration, which has been closely linked to the maintenance of stemness. The widely used environmental 21% O2 concentration represents a hyperoxic non-physiological condition, which can impair stem cell behaviour by many mechanisms. The goal of this review is to understand these mechanisms underlying the oxygen signalling pathways and their negatively-associated consequences. This may provide a rationale…
Cellular Senescence in Age-Related Diseases: Molecular Bases and Therapeutic Interventions
2022
Due to the increase in life expectancy, the aging population around the globe has been growing significantly and is estimated to triple by 2050 [...]
Telomerase activity and telomeric states in cell proliferative and differentiative mechanisms.
2008
Telomeres are DNA-protein complexes playing an important role in the maintenance of genome integrity. Telomerase is the enzyme acting as a template for addition of new telomeric repeats; this addition is essential for those cellular populations that have proliferative and differentiative potential. Telomerase and associated proteins are essential in response to DNA damage. Moreover, telomere-associated proteins as TRF2 are involved in all signalling transduction pathway which drive cellular proliferation and differentiation. In somatic cells, shortening of telomeres contributes to the onset of senescence or apoptosis; tissues which require cellular renewal express telomerase activity in ord…
Andrea del Brescianino e Giovanni Gili restaurati al Museo Diocesano di Palermo
2009
Contiene quattro saggi di cui due dedicati al restauro della tavola di Andrea Del Brescianino e altrettanti rivolti allo studio tecnico e storico-artistico sulla scultura lignea rinascimentale di San Vito di Giovanni Gili.
Andrea del Brescianino e Giovanni Gili restaurati
2010
Il volume, che fa parte di una collana seguita da un prestigioso comitato scientifico internazionale, affronta in maniera interdisciplinare il restauro e lo studio storico artistico di due opere del Museo Diocesano di Palermo. Il metodo utilizzato, invalso tra le buone pratiche nell'ambito delle teorie del restauro, ha incrociato e confrontato le informazioni derivanti dal cantiere di restauro - osservazioni dirette, analisi chimiche microinvasive, indagini di vario genere - con le osservazioni di natura formale e più pertinenti allo studio storico-artistico, di concerto alla ricerca storica e documentaria. Il risultato è stato del tutto innovativo in entrambi i casi. Il primo contributo ri…
B cell immunosenescence in the elderly and in centenarians.
2008
The elderly suffer from an increased susceptibility to infectious disease and cancer. Aging of the immune system contributes to this state of affairs due to immunosenescence. Because repeated intermittent or chronic antigen exposure may lead to lymphocyte clonal exhaustion, chronic antigenic stress plays a part in the compromised immunity of the elderly, who have accumulated a lifetime's exposure to infectious agents, autoantigens, and cancer antigens. Literature on immunosenescence has focused mainly on T cell impairment, but B cell compartment is also affected. The age-dependent B cell changes documented by the present review indicate that advanced age per se is a condition characterized …
From cellular senescence to age-associated diseases: miRNAs as tools and targets for healthy ageing
2017
miRNAs are the most abundant RNA species to be found in cell-free blood, encapsulated within microvesicles or bound to proteins. miRNAs play essential roles in the regulation of various biological processes. Moreover, specific changes in miRNA transcription levels or miRNA secretory levels have been linked to the development and progression of certain age-related diseases. So, they might be an ideal target for modulating healthy ageing