Search results for " tissue engineering."
showing 10 items of 93 documents
Improving vascularization of engineered bone through the generation of pro-angiogenic effects in co-culture systems
2014
One of the major problems with bone tissue engineering is the development of a rapid vascularization after implantation to supply the growing osteoblast cells with the nutrients to grow and survive as well as to remove waste products. It has been demonstrated that capillary-like structures produced in vitro will anastomose rapidly after implantation and become functioning blood vessels. For this reason, in recent years many studies have examined a variety of human osteoblast and endothelial cell co-culture systems in order to distribute osteoblasts on all parts of the bone scaffold and at the same time provide conditions for the endothelial cells to migrate to form a network of capillary-li…
Tissue engineering: how to build a heart
2015
Decellularization and recellularization of hearts from newly dead donors is the latest fashion in cardiac tissue engineering. The first paper came out in 2008 in Nature Medicine (Ott et al., 2008), and news has been recently published in Nature again in July 2013 (Maher, 2013). Brendan Maher in this paper summarizes and comments on the latest important results on decellularization of a human heart and explains the steps that are necessary to build a heart from a decellularized organ. Two sources may be used to obtain a decellularized heart: human and pig heart. Another issue to resolve is the time of decellularization, since the detergents used may also destroy the architecture of the organ…
A COMPOSITE PLLA SCAFFOLD FOR REGENERATION OF COMPLEX TISSUES
2010
A composite biodegradable scaffold incorporating an integrated network of synthetic blood vessels was designed and prepared, in line with the requirements of a scaffold effectively supporting the regeneration of highly vascularized tissues. In other words, this composite scaffold should allow the regeneration of complex injured tissue (e.g. dermis) and, at the same time, favour the development of a vascular network on its inner, i.e. a 3D polymeric scaffolds embedding synthetic blood vessel-like structures for nutrient supply and metabolite removal. PLLA assures a high degree of biocompatibility and a low level of inflammation response upon implantation, while the embedded tubular vessel-li…
Morphostructural analysis of human follicular stem cells on highly porous bone hydroxyapatite scaffold
2007
In this study we investigated the in vitro behaviour, morphostructure and extracellular matrix synthesis of human dental follicular stem cells (hDFSCs) isolated from human dental bud, which resulted to be positive for mesenchymal markers (CD29, CD90, CD146 and CD166) by FACS analysis. Cells were analysed by light and electronic microscopy to evaluate their biological response either at week 1, that is before differentiation, or at weeks 3–6, when they had been cultured in osteogenic medium onto a highly porous natural scaffold material (Bio-Oss®). Microscopy analysis of primary culture cells showed they had a mesenchymal stem cell-like morphostructure, spindle shaped, similar to the cultur…
A Fibrillar Biodegradable Scaffold for Blood Vessels Tissue Engineering
2012
In recent years there has been a growing interest for the development of tubular scaffolds employed to assist the replacement of small blood vessels. Materials designed for this purpose need to be biodegradable, have good mechanical properties and improve cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. To obtain biomaterials with these properties, electrospinning seems to be one of the most useful technique. Several biodegradable synthetic polymers or constituents of the extracellular matrix (ECM) have been electrospun showing optimal mechanical properties and biodegradability. However, such polymers are lacking in versatile chemical structure affordable to immobilize growth factors or ch…
Perinatal and Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells in cartilage regenerative medicine and tissue engineering strategies
2011
Stem cells can be found in embryonic and extraembryonic tissues as well as in adult organs. In particular, research in the last few years has delineated the key features of perinatal stem cells derived from fetus-associated tissues. These cells show multiple differentiation potential, can be easily expanded ex vivo, and raise no ethical concerns as regards their use. Several reports indicate that cells isolated from Wharton's jelly (WJ), the main component of umbilical cord extracellular matrix, are multipotent stem cells that express markers shared by other mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and give rise to different mature cell types belonging to all three germ layers. Moreover, WJ-MSC display…
Evaluation of a Cell-Free Collagen Type I-Based Scaffold for Articular Cartilage Regeneration in an Orthotopic Rat Model.
2020
The management of chondral defects represents a big challenge because of the limited self-healing capacity of cartilage. Many approaches in this field obtained partial satisfactory results. Cartilage tissue engineering, combining innovative scaffolds and stem cells from different sources, emerges as a promising strategy for cartilage regeneration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capability of a cell-free collagen I-based scaffold to promote cartilaginous repair after orthotopic implantation in vivo. Articular cartilage lesions (ACL) were created at the femoropatellar groove in rat knees and cell free collagen I-based scaffolds (S) were then implanted into right knee defect for the…
Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Cartilage Regeneration Applications
2022
Chondropathies are increasing worldwide, but effective treatments are currently lacking. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSCs) transplantation represents a promising approach to counteract the degenerative and inflammatory environment characterizing those pathologies, such as osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Umbilical cord- (UC-) MSCs gained increasing interest due to their multilineage differentiation potential, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties as well as higher proliferation rates, abundant supply along with no risks for the donor compared to adult MSCs. In addition, UC-MSCs are physiologically adapted to survive in an ischemic and nutrient-poor environment a…