Search results for " tropi"
showing 10 items of 405 documents
Évaluation du kit de PCR en temps réel MycoGENIE ® Pneumocystis jirovecii pour le diagnostic moléculaire de la pneumocystose
2017
Pneumocystis jirovecii (Pj) est un champignon pathogene opportuniste strictement humain. Il colonise transitoirement et sans symptome l’arbre respiratoire des patients immunocompetents, et peut etre responsable d’infections pulmonaires severes chez les patients immunodeprimes. Le diagnostic biologique de pneumocystose repose sur la mise en evidence du pathogene a l’examen direct d’un prelevement pulmonaire profond. Si l’examen direct manque souvent de sensibilite, de nombreuses techniques de PCR se sont developpees pour ameliorer la sensibilite de detection du champignon. Les techniques de PCR quantitatives (qPCR) permettent de quantifier la charge fongique dans le prelevement, et potentiel…
Furcocercous cercariae (Trematoda) from freshwater snails in Central Finland
2007
AbstractA total of eight species of furcocercous cercariae of four families (Strigeidae, Diplostomidae, Schistosomatidae and Sanguinicolidae), were found in 2005 in Lake Konnevesi in Central Finland in four snail species (Valvata macrostoma, Lymnaea stagnalis, Bathyomphalus contortus and Planorbarius corneus). Australapatemon burti (Miller, 1923), Australapatemon sp., Cotylurus brevis Dubois et Rausch, 1950, Cercaria spinulosa Ginetsinskaya, 1959 and Sanguinicola sp. are new species records for Finland. Ichthyocotylurus variegatus (Creplin, 1825) and Bilharziella polonica (Kowalewski, 1895) were first recorded as cercariae in Finland. The most common cercariae were A. burti (prevalence 13.3…
Ancient bacterial genomes reveal a formerly unknown diversity ofTreponema pallidumstrains in early modern Europe
2020
SummarySexually transmitted (venereal) syphilis marked European history with a devastating epidemic at the end of the 15thcentury, and is currently re-emerging globally. Together with non-venereal treponemal diseases, like bejel and yaws, found in subtropical and tropical regions, it poses a prevailing health threat worldwide. The origins and spread of treponemal diseases remain unresolved, including syphilis’ potential introduction into Europe from the Americas. Here, we present the first genetic data from archaeological human remains reflecting a previously unknown diversity ofTreponema pallidumin historical Europe. Our study demonstrates that a variety of strains related to both venereal…
Guidelines for the Direct Detection ofAnaplasmaspp. in Diagnosis and Epidemiological Studies
2017
The genus Anaplasma (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) comprises obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacteria that are mainly transmitted by ticks, and currently includes six species: Anaplasma bovis, Anaplasma centrale, Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma platys, and Anaplasma ovis. These have long been known as etiological agents of veterinary diseases that affect domestic and wild animals worldwide. A zoonotic role has been recognized for A. phagocytophilum, but other species can also be pathogenic for humans. Anaplasma infections are usually challenging to diagnose, clinically presenting with nonspecific symptoms that vary greatly depending on the agent involved, th…
Molecular characterization of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum in Switzerland and France with a new multilocus sequence typing scheme
2018
Syphilis is an important public health problem and an increasing incidence has been noted in recent years. Characterization of strain diversity through molecular data plays a critical role in the epidemiological understanding of this re-emergence. We here propose a new high-resolution multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (TPA). We analyzed 30 complete and draft TPA genomes obtained directly from clinical samples or from rabbit propagated strains to identify suitable typing loci and tested the new scheme on 120 clinical samples collected in Switzerland and France. Our analyses yielded three loci with high discriminatory power: TP0136, TP0548, and TP…
2019
Global changes promote the spread of infectious diseases worldwide. In this context, tropical urogenital schistosomiasis is now permanently established in Corsica since its first emergence in 2013. The local persistence of the tropical pathogens (schistosomes) responsible for urogenital schistosomiasis at such latitudes might be explained by (i) the presence of its intermediate host, the snail Bulinus truncatus, (ii) the recurrent local reseeding of schistosomes by their vertebrate hosts (either human or animal) every summer, and/or (iii) the maintenance and survival of schistosomes within their snail hosts over winter. In this study we conducted an ecological experiment to assess the abili…
Profil épidémiologique et mycologique des dermatophytoses au CHU de Dijon (2007–2016)
2017
International audience; IntroductionL’objectif de ce travail a été d’étudier le profil épidémiologique et mycologique des dermatophytoses diagnostiquées au laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie du CHU de Dijon.Matériel et méthodesIl s’agit d’une étude rétrospective qui couvre une période de 10 ans (2007–2016). Seuls les examens mycologiques positifs pour les dermatophytes ont été pris en compte pour cette étude (genres Epidermophyton, Microsporum et Trichophyton).De janvier 2007 à août 2014, l’identification de ces micromycètes a été réalisée selon les caractères macro- et microscopiques des colonies fongiques. À partir de septembre 2014, leur identification a été réalisée par microscopie …
2016
Background Non-fatal outcomes of disease and injury increasingly detract from the ability of the world's population to live in full health, a trend largely attributable to an epidemiological transition in many countries from causes affecting children, to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) more common in adults. For the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015), we estimated the incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for diseases and injuries at the global, regional, and national scale over the period of 1990 to 2015. Methods We estimated incidence and prevalence by age, sex, cause, year, and geography with a wide range of updated and standardi…
2017
Summary Objectives Neisseria meningitidis is the major cause of seasonal meningitis epidemics in the African meningitis belt. In the changing context of a reduction in incidence of serogroup A and an increase in incidence of serogroups W and C and of Streptococcus pneumoniae , a better understanding of the determinants driving the disease transmission dynamics remains crucial to improving bacterial meningitis control. Methods The literature was searched to provide a multi-disciplinary overview of the determinants of meningitis transmission dynamics in the African meningitis belt. Results Seasonal hyperendemicity is likely predominantly caused by increased invasion rates, sporadic localized …
2020
In a survey of household cats and dogs of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients, we found a high seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, ranging from 21% to 53%, depending on the positivity criteria chosen. Seropositivity was significantly greater among pets from COVID-19+ households compared to those with owners of unknown status. Our results highlight the potential role of pets in the spread of the epidemic.