Search results for " vivo"
showing 10 items of 1661 documents
Neutrophil extracellular traps impair fungal clearance in a mouse model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
2019
Abstract Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are formed by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and contribute to the innate host defense by binding and killing bacterial and fungal pathogens. Because NET formation depends on histone hypercitrullination by peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), we used PAD4 gene deficient (Pad4-/-) mice in a mouse model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) to address the contribution of NETs to the innate host defense in vivo. After the induction (24 h) of IPA by i.t. infection with Aspergillus fumigatus conidia, Pad4-/- mice revealed lower fungal burden in the lungs, accompanied by less acute lung injury, TNFα and citH3 compared to wildtype controls. T…
Ochratoxin A and T-2 Toxin Induce Clonogenicity and Cell Migration in Human Colon Carcinoma and Fetal Lung Fibroblast Cell Lines
2016
T-2 toxin and Ochratoxin A (OTA) are toxic secondary metabolites produced by various fungi, and together they contaminate feedstuffs worldwide. T-2 toxin and OTA may exert carcinogenic action in rodent. Despite the various in vivo experiments, carcinogenicity of these two mycotoxins has not yet been proven for human. In this current study, we proposed to investigate, in Human colon carcinoma cells and fetal lung fibroblast-like cells transfected with MYC, the effect of T-2 toxin and OTA on cell clonogenicity and cell migration. Results of the present investigation showed that T2-toxin as well as OTA has an important clonogenic effect in all cell lines, suggesting that these mycotoxins could…
Immune-modulating effects of bevacizumab in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer patients
2016
AbstractThe mPEBev is an anticancer regimen which combines a chemotherapy doublet, based on cisplatin and oral etoposide (mPE), with bevacizumab (mPEBev), a mAb targeting the vasculo-endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In previous studies, this regimen showed powerful anti-angiogenetic effects and significant antitumor activity in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) patients. We also recorded the best benefit in patients exhibiting low-systemic inflammatory profile at baseline. On these bases, we hypothesized that mPEBev antitumor activity could be partially related to bevacizumab-associated immunological effects. For this reason, we performed an immunological monitoring in 59 out …
Distinct Activities of Glycolytic Enzymes Identify Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients with a more Aggressive Course and Resistance to Chemo-Immuno…
2018
A higher capacity to grow under hypoxic conditions can lead to a more aggressive behavior of tumor cells. Determining tumor activity under hypoxia may identify chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with aggressive clinical course and predict response to chemo-immunotherapy (CIT). A metabolic score was generated by determining pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, key enzymes of glycolysis, ex vivo in primary CLL samples under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. This score was further correlated with clinical endpoints and response to CIT in 96 CLL patients. 45 patients were classified as metabolic high risk (HR), 51 as low risk (LR). Treatment-free survival (TFS) was significantly shorter in…
αB-crystallin response to a pro-oxidant non-cytotoxic environment in murine cardiac cells: An "in vitro" and "in vivo" study.
2020
The αB-crystallin (HSPB5) protein is modulated in response to a wide variety of stressors generated by multiple physio-pathological conditions, sustained by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In cardiac muscle tissue, this protein regulates various cellular processes, such as protein degradation, apoptosis and the stabilization of cytoskeletal elements. In this work, we studied the role of HSPB5 expression, activation and localization in HL-1 murine cardiomyocytes exposed to pro-oxidant and non-cytotoxic H2O2 concentration, as well as in cardiac tissue isolated from mice following an acute, non-damaging endurance exercise. Our results demonstrated that HSPB5 is the most abundant HSP …
Assessing the Impact of Single-Cell Stimulation on Local Networks in Rat Barrel Cortex—A Feasibility Study
2019
In contrast to the long-standing notion that the role of individual neurons in population activity is vanishingly small, recent studies have shown that electrical activation of only a single cortical neuron can have measurable effects on global brain state, movement, and perception. Although highly important for understanding how neuronal activity in cortex is orchestrated, the cellular and network mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are unresolved. Here, we first briefly review the current state of knowledge regarding the phenomenon of single-cell induced network modulation and discuss possible underpinnings. Secondly, we show proof of principle for an experimental approach to elucidate …
Long-Term in vivo Evaluation of Orthotypical and Heterotypical Bioengineered Human Corneas.
2020
Purpose: Human cornea substitutes generated by tissue engineering currently require limbal stem cells for the generation of orthotypical epithelial cell cultures. We recently reported that bioengineered corneas can be fabricated in vitro from a heterotypical source obtained from Wharton’s jelly in the human umbilical cord (HWJSC). Methods: Here, we generated a partial thickness cornea model based on plastic compression nanostructured fibrin-agarose biomaterials with cornea epithelial cells on top, as an orthotypical model (HOC), or with HWJSC, as a heterotypical model (HHC), and determined their potential in vivo usefulness by implantation in an animal model. Results: No major side effects …
Evaluation of Mucociliary Clearance by Three Dimension Micro-CT-SPECT in Guinea Pig: Role of Bitter Taste Agonists
2016
Different image techniques have been used to analyze mucociliary clearance (MCC) in humans, but current small animal MCC analysis using in vivo imaging has not been well defined. Bitter taste receptor (T2R) agonists increase ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and cause bronchodilation but their effects in vivo are not well understood. This work analyzes in vivo nasal and bronchial MCC in guinea pig animals using three dimension (3D) microCT-SPECT images and evaluates the effect of T2R agonists. Intranasal macroaggreggates of albumin-Technetium 99 metastable (MAA-Tc99m) and lung nebulized Tc99m albumin nanocolloids were used to analyze the effect of T2R agonists on nasal and bronchial MCC respecti…
A "kissing lesion": In-vivo 7T evidence of meningeal inflammation in early multiple sclerosis
2017
Background: The role of cortical lesions (CLs) in disease progression and clinical deficits is increasingly recognized in multiple sclerosis (MS); however the origin of CLs in MS still remains unclear. Objective: Here, we report a para-sulcal CL detected two years after diagnosis in a relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patient without manifestation of clinical deficit. Methods: Ultra-high field (7T) MR imaging using magnetization-prepared 2 rapid acquisition gradient echoes (MP2RAGE) sequence was performed. Results: A para-sulcal CL was detected which showed hypointense rim and iso- to hyperintense core. This was detected in the proximity of the leptomeninges in the left precentral gyrus extendi…
Optimized Mouse Models for Liver Fibrosis
2017
Fibrosis is the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components due to chronic injury, with collagens as predominant structural components. Liver fibrosis can progress to cirrhosis, which is characterized by a severe distortion of the delicate hepatic vascular architecture, the shunting of the blood supply away from hepatocytes and the resultant functional liver failure. Cirrhosis is associated with a highly increased morbidity and mortality and represents the major hard endpoint in clinical studies of chronic liver diseases. Moreover, cirrhosis is a strong cofactor of primary liver cancer. In vivo models are indispensable tools to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms of li…