Search results for "Économie"
showing 10 items of 214 documents
L'évolution des systèmes d'enseignement dans le monde de 1960 à nos jours : aspects économiques et financiers
1985
référence interne : 85035; La présente étude a un triple objectif : - actualiser les observations sur l'évolution des dépenses d'enseignement et de l'effort public en faveur de l'éducation présentées en 1979,- à l'aide de ces observations statistiques et des résultats d'études plus ponctuelles, mettre en lumière les principaux problèmes qui se posent aujourd'hui à l'éducation dans le monde et plus particulièrement dans certaines régions, - esquisser les solutions aux graves problèmes financiers actuels de l'éducation et montrer leurs limites.
Quelques aspects économiques de la formation permanente
1975
International audience; Cet article vise à mettre en lumière l'intérêt et les limites d'une étude économique de la formation permanente. Il rappelle d'abord le cadre étroit dans lequel se tient l'analyse économique traditionnelle et comment, dans ce cadre étroit, on peut montrer qu'une formation en alternancepeut s'avérer plus ·rentable qu'une formation initiale à temps plein, en insistant sur le caractère subjectif de l'optimation et sur les effets sociaux égalisateurs de la formation permanente.Dans une dernière partie, l'article cherche à montrer que, si on part de l'homme pour construire un système de formation continue « idéal », les préoccupations économiques sont nécessairement secon…
Exploratory spatial data analysis of the distribution of regional per capita GDP in Europe, 1980-1995
2000
The aim of this paper is to study the dynamics of European regional per capita product over time and space. This purpose is achieved by using the recently developed methods of Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis. Using a sample of European regions over the 1980-1995 period, we find strong evidence of global and local spatial autocorrelation in per capita GDP throughout the period. The detection of clusters of high and low per capita products during the period is an indication of the persistence of spatial disparities between European regions. This analysis is finally refined by the investigation of the spatial pattern of regional growth. Key words:exploratory spatial data analysis; distributi…
Analyzing structural change : the biproportional mean filter and the biproportional bimarkovian filter
1998
The biproportional filter was created to analyze structural change between two input-output matrices by removing the effect of differential growth of sectors without predetermining if the model is demand or supply-driven, but with the disadvantage that projecting a first matrix on a second is not the same thing than projecting the second matrix on the first. Here two alternative methods are proposed which has not this last drawback, with the additional advantage for the biproportional bimarkovian filter that effects of sector size are also removed. Methods are compared with an application for France for 1980 and 1996.
Organisation spatiale et densités urbaines : une application à l'agglomération du Grand Dijon
2017
Cet article s’intéresse aux différentes formes et mesures de l’intensité de l’occupation de l’espace. Bien que l’indicateur le plus utilisé soit le ratio de densité brut de population, cet indicateur n’est pas suffisant pour qualifier l’occupation d’un espace. En effet, la densité revêt de multiples facettes. Il est possible de distinguer des densités de contenants (bâti) et de contenu (population, emplois) et différentes mesures peuvent être mobilisées pour quantifier cette occupation spatiale. Nous nous proposons dans cet article de mesurer et qualifier les densités urbaines – de population et de bâti – en proposant une mesure plus juste de l’intensité de l’occupation de l’espace au trave…
Agroecological engineering
2015
Earth has recently entered the new era of the Anthropocene, during which the rise of human activities are impacting for the first time ecosystems and climate on the global scale. Since the 1960s the green revolution has improved food production in quantity using industrially-designed agriculture, which has led to global pollution by pesticides and losses of food quality, biodiversity and soil carbon. As a consequence there is a need to implement agroecological practices in order to produce food safely and in a sustainable way. This virtual issue presents principles and applications of agroecological engineering, exemplified in 19 selected review articles from the journal Agronomy for Sustai…
Souffrir en musique
1994
Suffering to Music - Although, in its relation to suffering, music is generally reputed for possessing therapeutic virtues, several iconographie and written sources dating from the thirteenth to the fifteenth centuries attribute a harmful influence to music. This ambivalence was based on the correlation between the intensity of suffering and that of the sonorous quality of musical instruments, which in the Middle Ages were divided into two great families in accordance to the sound volume they produced. Consequently it was according to their high and strident or low and soft sonorities that the instruments were thought to act on suffering, either amplifying it or alleviating it.
Déréglementation, sécurité et prévision d’accidents extrêmes : le cas du fret ferroviaire français
2010
The deregulation of rail freight has been considered, for long time, as a factor of safety reduction. This article aims to show that, for the moment, one cannot consider that deregulation of rail freight has a significant negative impact on safety in France. Following KJELLÉN (2000), we looked if it's possible to know the periodicity of extreme accidents in this sector.
Compensating inequalities in secondary education in France: studies from the PISA, CEDRE and TALIS surveys
2017
The fight against educational inequality is one of the foundational principles of education in France. Implementing equal opportunity and the fight against social and geographical inequality are inscribed in the first article in the Code of Education. However, educational inequality persists and has continued to increase these past years. Using data sets from threedifferent international and national evaluations (PISA, Cedre, and TALIS), this dissertation seeks to bring a new perspective on the reduction of inequality for students enrolled in secondary education in France.
On Boolean topological methods of structural analysis
2001
The properties of Boolean methods of structural analysis are used to analyze the intern structure of linear or non linear models. Here they are studied on the particular example of qualitative methods of input-output analysis. First, it is shown that these methods generate informational problems like biases when working in money terms instead of percentages, losses of information, increasing of computation time, and so on. Second, considering three ways to do structural analysis, analysis from the inverse matrix, from the direct matrix and from layers (intermediate flow matrices), these methods induce topological problems; the adjacency of the adjacency cannot be defined from the inverse ma…