Search results for "11. Sustainability"
showing 10 items of 257 documents
From Silk to Digital Technologies: A Gateway to New Opportunities for Creative Industries, Traditional Crafts and Designers. The SILKNOW Case
2020
Nowadays, cultural heritage is more than ever linked to the present. It links us to our cultural past through the conscious act of preserving and bequeathing to future generations, turning society into its custodian. The appreciation of cultural heritage happens not only because of its communicative power, but also because of its economic power, through sustainable development and the promotion of creative industries. This paper presents SILKNOW, an EU-H2002 funded project and its application to cultural heritage, as well as to creative industries and design innovation. To this end, it presents the use of image recognition tools applied to cultural heritage, through the interoperability of …
Crossing a Multi-Lane Street: Irrelevant Cars Increase Unsafe Behavior
2011
Before crossing a road or an intersection, road users have to determine among the surrounding traffic whether or not they have enough time to safely complete their maneuver. Temporal judgments have been investigated for single cars approaching an intersection, however, close to nothing is known about how street-crossing decisions are being made when several vehicles are simultaneously approaching in two adjacent lanes. We conducted a simulator experiment in which observers indicated whether or not they had enough time to complete safe street crossing. Traffic gaps were presented either with a single or two oncoming cars on different lanes, in such a way that in all cases, only the shortest …
Life Cycle Costing: a tool to manage the urban water cycle
2013
The Water Framework Directive puts much emphasis on the role of economics for improving the management of water resources. In the context of the urban water cycle, previous studies have proven that Life Cycle Costing (LCC) is a useful methodology for assessing the costs of the whole cycle. However, there are many elements and factors that can influence the results of the LCC assessment and therefore affect the decision making process. The main aim of this study is to identify the main difficulties for carrying out LCC studies in the urban water cycle and to propose some solutions to overcome them. Hence, the conclusions obtained from the assessment of several case studies will be more robus…
Designing for Networked Community Resilience
2016
Abstract Communities have been described to be at the heart of the preparedness for and the response to disasters. The increasing connectedness has made communities more vulnerable for their dependence on a complex network of critical infrastructures. At the same time, this very connectedness has the potential to enable communities to self-organise, engage, and connect with other communities to improve their resilience. While the pathway to more resilience is promising and has many advocates, the response to crises and disasters, time and again reveals the challenges related to (i) ad-hoc switching from preparedness to response; (ii) ad-hoc connecting professional responders, communities, v…
An energy and power based approach toward design of power split for urban hybrid vehicle
2011
This work presents a novel method of analyzing real and artificial urban driving cycles with regard to power and energy needs. The results can be used to facilitate the design of the power split between primary and secondary power sources for hybrid vehicles in urban applications. Based on the analysis of different real and artificial driving cycles three key values are defined that allow predefining the size of the primary and secondary power source.
PM2.5-bound oxygenated PAHs, nitro-PAHs and parent-PAHs from the atmosphere of a Chinese megacity: Seasonal variation, sources and cancer risk assess…
2014
Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in air particulate matter contribute considerably to the health risk of air pollution. The objectives of this study were to assess the occurrence and variation in concentrations and sources of PM2.5 bound PACs [Oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) nitro PAHs and parent PAHs] sampled from the atmosphere of a typical Chinese megacity (Xi'an) to study the influence of meteorological conditions on PACs and to estimate the lifetime excess cancer risk to the residents of Xi'an (from inhalation of PM2.5 bound PACs). To achieve these objectives we sampled 24 h PM2.5 aerosols (once in every 6days from 5 July 2008 to 8 August 2009) from the atmosphere of Xi'an and measured the…
What is socio-ecological research delivering? A literature survey across 25 international LTSER platforms
2018
[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]QUASARE [ADD1_IRSTEA]Systèmes aquatiques soumis à des pressions multiples; International audience; With an overarching goal of addressing global and regional sustainability challenges, Long Term Socio-Ecological Research Platforms (LTSER) aim to conduct place-based research, to collect and synthesize both environmental and socio-economic data, and to involve a broader stakeholder pool to set the research agenda. To date there have been few studies examining the output from LTSER platforms. In this study we enquire if the socio-ecological research from 25 self-selected LTSER platforms of the International Long-Term Ecological Research (ILTER) network has …
Online shortest paths with confidence intervals for routing in a time varying random network
2018
International audience; The increase in the world's population and rising standards of living is leading to an ever-increasing number of vehicles on the roads, and with it ever-increasing difficulties in traffic management. This traffic management in transport networks can be clearly optimized by using information and communication technologies referred as Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). This management problem is usually reformulated as finding the shortest path in a time varying random graph. In this article, an online shortest path computation using stochastic gradient descent is proposed. This routing algorithm for ITS traffic management is based on the online Frank-Wolfe approach.…
Etalement urbain et consommation d'espace. Etude comparée de Besançon, Belfort et Montbéliard
2007
Urban sprawl constitutes a specific case of urbanization that is currently common in French cities. Arising from significant development of suburbs, it inevitably leads to the increase of built-up surfaces in every periurban area. At the same time, we can assume that urban sprawl induces over-consumption of space. This assumption is tested on the three main towns of Franche-Comté, that are associated with very different geographical, demographic and industrial characteristics (these characteristics are briefly described). The study confirms, in general, the reality of over-consumption of space, dependant on urban sprawl ; it seems generally independent of the individual characteristics of e…
Agents of change: Women in top management and corporate environmental performance
2020
International audience; We analyze the influence of gender diversity in top management on the environmental performance of French firms. Consistent with gender socialization theory, which posits that women are raised from childhood to be more nurturing and compassionate for others, we find that firms with more women in top management exhibit higher environmental performance. This result extends those already reported in the literature regarding the effect of gender diversity at board level. We also show that women in top management are associated with several key indicators such as development of eco‐friendly products and commitment to resource reduction. Furthermore, we find that the influ…