Search results for ":Eu"
showing 10 items of 130 documents
Reflexiones sobre cómo evaluar y mejorar la respuesta a la pandemia de COVID-19
2020
La pandemia de COVID-19 ha afectado de manera particularmente intensa a España, pese a su nivel de desarrollo y la elogiada solidez de su Sistema Nacional de Salud. Para comprender qué ha pasado e identificar cómo mejorar la respuesta creemos imprescindible una evaluación independiente multidisciplinaria de la esfera sanitaria, política y socioeconómica. En este trabajo proponemos objetivos, principios, metodología y dimensiones a evaluar, además de esbozar el tipo de resultados y conclusiones esperadas. Nos inspiramos en los requerimientos formulados por el panel independiente de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y en las experiencias evaluativas en otros países, y detallamos la propuest…
Effectiveness of Article 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) in regulating digital markets
2019
The effectiveness of Article 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) in regulating digital markets is at doubt. Research has shown that due to advancement of digital markets and its specific characteristics, the impact on traditional standards is high, requiring modifications. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of EU competition law and demonstrate proposals to enforce the law more efficiently. By targeting the digitalization era, it asks: To what extent EU competition law, in particular Article 102 TFEU is effective in regulating digital markets? Based on a review of Article 102 TFEU, the European Commission’s decisions, the Commission’s Guidance, the C…
Regulation of security tokens as financial instruments in the EU: is there a need for amendments?
2022
In 2020 the European Commission proposed laws on crypto-assets and DLT. The EU treats security tokens as financial instruments, provided that they fall into the MiFID II definition. This Thesis aims to provide classification for crypto-asset as a financial instrument, to identify regulatory gaps in the EU legislation applicable to crypto-assets that qualify as financial instruments (security tokens), and to provide recommendations in relation to security tokens regulation in the EU. The results indicate that Amending Directive will harmonize the procedure for classification of a crypto-asset as a financial instrument across the EU, but the requirement for the expected profit to be derived f…
Analysis of outright monetary transactions and public sector purchase programmes - legality and economic reasoning
2019
The main objective of this study was to establish a doctrine on how the OMT and PSPP can be compatible with the TFEU Article 123, which prohibits monetary financing of Member States by the ECB. The second and third objectives were to briefly examine what legal frameworks are practiced in other countries and assess the economic necessity of such programmes and future prospects. The research unravelled the interpretation methods used by the CJEU and established the sufficient safeguards doctrine. The doctrine has two main principles which cannot be violated in the creation of the particular safeguards, and those safeguards ultimately prevent the breach of the TFEU. Economic research made it c…
Striking a balance between disinformation on social media platforms and freedom of expression in the European Union
2022
The growing influence and adverse effects of disinformation on social media platforms have already presented challenges not only to the European Union and its Member States but also to social media platforms and human rights activists. One of the most crucial challenges from a legal perspective has been finding the appropriate tools to regulate disinformation while preserving the right to freedom of speech, bearing in mind that there is no uniform definition of disinformation on a global level. While there are notable attempts to limit the spread of disinformation on social media platforms from the European Commission and the various Member States, this thesis aims to analyse their effectiv…
Restrictions on satire, parody and caricature in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights
2019
This bachelor thesis analyzes the European Court of Human Rights’ case law in instances of restrictions on freedom of expression in satire, parody and caricature. The analysis focuses on the Court’s depth of understanding and approach to the particularities of satirical work.
Spatial analysis of the relationship between mortality from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease and drinking water hardness
2004
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Reproduced with permission from Environmental Health Perspectives. Previously published scientific papers have reported a negative correlation between drinking water hardness and cardiovascular mortality. Some ecologic and case-control studies suggest the protective effect of calcium and magnesium concentration in drinking water. In this article we present an analysis of this protective relationship in 538 municipalities of Comunidad Valenciana (Spain) from 1991-1998. We used the Spanish version of the Rapid Inquiry Facility (RIF) developed under the European Environment and Health Information System (EUROHEIS) research project. The strateg…
First search for atmospheric and extraterrestrial neutrino-induced cascades with the IceCube detector
2011
We report on the first search for atmospheric and for diffuse astrophysical neutrino-induced showers (cascades) in the IceCube detector using 257 days of data collected in the year 2007-2008 with 22 strings active. A total of 14 events with energies above 16 TeV remained after event selections in the diffuse analysis, with an expected total background contribution of $8.3\pm 3.6$. At 90% confidence we set an upper limit of $E^2\Phi_{90%CL}<3.6\times10^{-7} GeV \cdot cm^{-2} \cdot s^{-1}\cdot sr^{-1} $ on the diffuse flux of neutrinos of all flavors in the energy range between 24 TeV and 6.6 PeV assuming that $\Phi \propto E^{-2}$ and that the flavor composition of the $\nu_e : \nu_\mu : \nu…
Prevention of hate speech crimes: digital versus real-life environment
2022
Extending the use of social media and other digital networks, as well as technology development and the impact of the pandemic have raised the problem of how to prevent hateful speech from occurring. Limitations on hate speech closely correlate with restriction of freedom of speech, therefore balance between the two should be met to ensure both fundamental democratic right on the freedom of speech, as well as to restrict limitations on one’s honour, dignity and safety. To answer whether mechanisms for combating the crimes of hate speech in the digital environment are as effective as they are in a real-life situation, the author analyses the international (United Nations) and Council of Euro…
Smoking cessation opportunities in severe mental illness (tobacco intensive motivational and estimate risk — TIMER—): study protocol for a randomized…
2019
There is an increased risk of premature death in people with severe mental illness (SMI). Respiratory disorders and cardiovascular disease are leading causes of increased mortality rates in these patients, and tobacco consumption remains the most preventable risk factor involved. Developing new tools to motivate patients towards cessation of smoking is a high priority. Information on the motivational value of giving the lung age and prevention opportunities is unknown in this high-risk population. In the context of community care, screening and early detection of lung damage could potentially be used, together with mobile technology, in order to produce a prevention message, which may provi…