Search results for "A2"
showing 10 items of 1101 documents
CXCR5 identifies a subset of Vgamma9 Vdelta2 T cells which secrete IL-4 and IL-10 and help B cells for antibody production.
2006
Vgamma9Vdelta2 T lymphocytes recognize nonpeptidic Ags and mount effector functions in cellular immune responses against microorganisms and tumors, but little is known about their role in Ab-mediated immune responses. We show here that expression of CXCR5 identifies a unique subset of Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells which express the costimulatory molecules ICOS and CD40L, secrete IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 and help B cells for Ab production. These properties portray CXCR5+ Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells as a distinct memory T cell subset with B cell helper function.
Torrefied versus conventional pellet production – A comparative study on energy and emission balance based on pilot-plant data and EU sustainability …
2015
Abstract Torrefaction is an emerging technology which enables greater co-firing rates of biomass with coal. To date however there has been a lack of real production data from pilot-scale torrefaction plants. Without such data any environmental benefits of torrefied pellet production are difficult to quantify. In this study data on consumable inputs from a semi-industrial torrefaction plant and the physical properties of produced pellets are used to analyse energy input and air emissions of torrefied pellet production and product transport. EU sustainability criteria are used to compare CO2-equivalent emissions from torrefied and conventional pellet production starting from harvesting of log…
How and why does willow biochar increase a clay soil water retention capacity?
2018
Addition of biochar into a soil changes its water retention properties by modifying soil textural and structural properties. In addition, internal micrometer-scale porosity that is able to directly store readily plant available water affects soil water retention properties. This study shows how precise knowledge of the internal micrometer-scale pore size distribution of biochar can deepen the understanding of the biochar-water interactions in soils. The micrometer-scale porosity of willow biochar was quantitatively and qualitatively characterized using X-ray tomography, 3D image analysis and Helium ion microscopy. The effect of biochar application on clay soil water retention was studied by…
Low-temperature atomic layer deposition of SiO2/Al2O3 multilayer structures constructed on self-standing films of cellulose nanofibrils
2018
In this paper, we have optimized a low-temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD) of SiO 2 using AP-LTO® 330 and ozone (O 3 ) as precursors, and demonstrated its suitability to surface-modify temperature-sensitive bio-based films of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs). The lowest temperature for the thermal ALD process was 80°C when the silicon precursor residence time was increased by the stop-flow mode. The SiO 2 film deposition rate was dependent on the temperature varying within 1.5–2.2 Å cycle −1 in the temperature range of 80–350°C, respectively. The low-temperature SiO 2 process that resulted was combined with the conventional trimethyl aluminium + H 2 O process in order to prepare thin mul…
Web, Artificial Intelligence and Network Applications. Proceedings of the Workshops of the 34th International Conference on Advanced Information Netw…
2020
This proceedings book presents the latest research findings, and theoretical and practical perspectives on innovative methods and development techniques related to the emerging areas of Web computing, intelligent systems and Internet computing. The Web has become an important source of information, and techniques and methodologies that extract quality information are of paramount importance for many Web and Internet applications. Data mining and knowledge discovery play a key role in many of today’s major Web applications, such as e-commerce and computer security. Moreover, Web services provide a new platform for enabling service-oriented systems. The emergence of large-scale distributed co…
Welfare o diritto alla città? Sguardi e voci plurali nell’esercizio di forme di cittadinanza attiva
2012
In che modo si trasformano o adattano spazi, storie e soggetti del welfare a fronte del mutare degli assetti sociali e della natura (e ruolo) delle istituzioni pubbliche? O, di contro, quali caratteristiche ed efficacia possono continuare ad assumere tradizionali forme di politiche sociali all’interno di strutturali modifiche della composizione/natura della città contemporanea? Il presente contributo si confronta con tali domande illustrando alcune esperienze che, pur nei loro limiti, tentano di tracciare ipotesi alternative, a partire dalla presa d’atto di modifiche sostanziali della struttura sociale da una parte, e di diffuso disinteresse dei soggetti pubblici (tradizionali) dall’altra.
Parallel and Distributed Resource Allocation With Minimum Traffic Disruption for Network Virtualization
2017
Wireless network virtualization has been advocated as one of the most promising technologies to provide multifarious services and applications for the future Internet by enabling multiple isolated virtual wireless networks to coexist and share the same physical wireless resources. Based on the multiple concurrent virtual wireless networks running on the shared physical substrate, service providers can independently manage and deploy different end-users services. This paper proposes a new formulation for bandwidth allocation and routing problem for multiple virtual wireless networks that operate on top of a single substrate network to minimize the operation cost of the substrate network. We …
Energy efficient and distributed resource allocation for wireless powered OFDMA multi-cell networks
2017
In this paper, we investigate the energy efficient resource allocation problem for the wireless powered OFDMA multi-cell networks. In the considered system, the users who have data to transmit in the uplink can only be empowered by the wireless power obtained from multiple base stations (BSs) with a large scale of multiple antennas in the downlink. A time division protocol is considered to divide the time of wireless power transfer (WPT) in the downlink and wireless information transfer (WIT) in the uplink into separate time slot. With the objective to improve the energy efficiency (EE) of the system, we propose the antenna selection, time allocation, subcarrier and power allocation schemes…
Large 256-Pixel X-ray Transition-Edge Sensor Arrays With Mo/TiW/Cu Trilayers
2015
We describe the fabrication and electrical characterization of 256-pixel X-ray transition-edge sensor (TES) arrays intended for materials analysis applications. The processing is done on 6-in wafers, providing capabilities on a commercial scale. TES films were novel proximity coupled Mo/TiW/Cu trilayers, where the thin TiW layer in between aims to improve the stability of the devices by preventing unwanted effects such as Mo/Cu interdiffusion. The absorber elements were electrodeposited gold of thickness 2 μm. The single-pixel design discussed here is the so-called Corbino geometry. Most design goals were successfully met, such as the critical temperature, thermal time constant, and transit…
Influence of Elevated Pressure on the Torrefaction of Wood
2016
The use of pressurized reactors in industrial processes can improve efficiency and economics. Torrefaction is a partial pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass designed to result in a solid product with improved fuel properties for utilization in combustion and gasification. In this work, the influence of elevated pressure on the torrefaction of wood has been investigated. Wood samples were torrefied using a pressurized thermogravimetric reactor (PTGR) with pressures of 0.1 to 2.1 MPa. The results indicate that reactor pressure, particle size of feedstock, and wood species are all factors in torrefaction yield improvements. Torrefaction at 2.1 MPa pressure improved the higher heating value (ca…