Search results for "ALK"

Medial gastrocnemius muscle and tendon interaction during gait in typically developing children and children with cerebral palsy

2020

1. IntroductionEfficient gait is dependent on optimal interaction between musclesand tendons [1]. Pathological changes in the extensibility of the MGmuscle fascicles, whole muscle-belly and Achilles tendon have beenreported in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) [2]. Studying therelative length of these tissues during gait can improve our understandingof their dynamics and, inferably, the control strategies used inCP. In-vivo dynamic ultrasound imaging has been used to visualise theinteraction between the MG muscle and tendon during 3D gait analysis.However, most studies combined ultrasound imaging of one variable(either fascicles or muscle-belly and tendon) with some form ofmusculosk…

Biodiversity, evolution and adaptation of fungi in exstreme environments

2013

Fungi play irreplaceable roles for ecosystem functioning. They may adopt different life styles, for example saprotrophs, symbionts or parasites: some species are cosmopolitan with a wide distribution and others, thanks to they ecological plasticity, may adapt to harsh environments precluded to most of life forms. In stressing conditions, their role is even more crucial for the recycling of organic matter or favouring nutrients uptake. When the conditions become really extreme and competion is low, fungi focus on extremotollerance and evolve peculiar competences to exploit natural or xenobiotic resources in the particular constraints imposed by the environment. This paper focuses on three di…

1993

The influence of lithium tert-butoxide (tBuOLi) and of lithium chloride on the oligomerization of tert-butyl acrylate (tBuA) initiated by tert-butyl α-lithioisobutyrate (tBiB-Li) was investigated. These additives affect both the kinetics and the product distribution. Whereas the addition of LiCl leads to a narrower molecular-weight distribution (MWD) the presence of tBuOLi induces broader MWD's, characterized by a very high fraction of the dimer. Both additives decrease the rates of propagation to different degrees. These effects are discussed on the basis of the formation of aggregates and adducts, the lithiated dimer having a higher tendency to form aggregates than the other oligomers. Th…

Isoquercitrin and polyphosphate co-enhance mineralization of human osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells via separate activation of two RUNX2 cofactors AFT6 a…

2014

Isoquercitrin, a dietary phytoestrogen, is a potential stimulator of bone mineralization used for prophylaxis of osteoporotic disorders. Here we studied the combined effects of isoquercitrin, a cell membrane permeable 3-O-glucoside of quercetin, and polyphosphate [polyP], a naturally occurring inorganic polymer inducing bone formation, on mineralization of human osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells. Both compounds isoquercitrin and polyP induce at non-toxic concentrations the mineralization process of SaOS-2 cells. Co-incubation experiments revealed that isoquercitrin (at 0.1 and 0.3μM), if given simultaneously with polyP (as Ca(2+) salt; at 3, 10, 30 and 100μM) amplifies the mineralization-enhanci…

A Series of Ultra-Efficient Blue Borane Fluorophores

2020

13 pags., 14 figs., 5 tabs.

Ein neuer weg zur herstellung von oligomeren aus acryl- und vinylverbindungen; modell einer matrizenreaktion

1966

In einer Reihe vorangehender Untersuchungen wurde die Herstellung molekulareinheitlicher, phenolischer Mehrkernverbindungen beschrieben. Sie besitzen je Phenolbaustein eine phenolische Hydroxylgruppe, wie systematisch untersuchte Acylierungen sowie Methylierung und Arylierung dieser Mehrkernverbindungen zeigen. In der vorliegenden Mitteilung wurde bei einer Zwei- und Dreikernverbindung an den phenolischen Hydroxylgruppen mit Acrylsaurechlorid umgesetzt, so das die entstandenen Verbindungen so viele polymerisationsfahige Reste wie phenolische Bausteine besasen. Die Polymerisation der Acrylsaurederivate in sehr groser Verdunnung gab oligomere Leiterverbindungen, die durch alkalische Hydrolyse…

Perfusion MRI in normal and abnormal pituitary gland. A preliminary study.

1997

Perfusion MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) of the pituitary gland was performed in 20 healthy volunteers and 63 patients with various lesions involving the pituitary gland. All patients underwent sequential contrast-enhanced MRI using spoiled gradient recalled sequences with high temporal resolution (7 seconds). Four pituitary areas (pituitary stalk, posterior lobe, postero-superior, and antero-inferior adenohypophysis) were tested with a selected region of interest. Maximal contrast percentual variation was calculated. The timing of enhancement in normal patients matched perfectly with normal pituitary vascularization. Abnormal timing in pathological condition was investigated.

The 18S ribosomal RNA m 6 A methyltransferase Mettl5 is required for normal walking behavior in Drosophila

2020

RNA modifications have recently emerged as an important layer of gene regulation. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prominent modification on eukaryotic messenger RNA and has also been found on noncoding RNA, including ribosomal and small nuclear RNA. Recently, several m6A methyltransferases were identified, uncovering the specificity of m6A deposition by structurally distinct enzymes. In order to discover additional m6A enzymes, we performed an RNAi screen to deplete annotated orthologs of human methyltransferase-like proteins (METTLs) in Drosophila cells and identified CG9666, the ortholog of human METTL5. We show that CG9666 is required for specific deposition of m6A on 18S ribosomal …

Inorganic Polyphosphates As Storage for and Generator of Metabolic Energy in the Extracellular Matrix.

2019

Inorganic polyphosphates (polyP) consist of linear chains of orthophosphate residues, linked by high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds. They are evolutionarily old biopolymers that are present from bacteria to man. No other molecule concentrates as much (bio)chemically usable energy as polyP. However, the function and metabolism of this long-neglected polymer are scarcely known, especially in higher eukaryotes. In recent years, interest in polyP experienced a renaissance, beginning with the discovery of polyP as phosphate source in bone mineralization. Later, two discoveries placed polyP into the focus of regenerative medicine applications. First, polyP shows morphogenetic activity, i.e., induc…

Effects of gait speed on stability of walking revealed by simulated response to tripping perturbation

2013

The objective of this work was to study stability of walking over a range of gait speeds by means of muscle-driven simulations. Fast walking has previously been related to high likelihood of falling due to tripping. Various measures of stability have shown different relationships between walking speed and stability. These measures may not be associated with tripping, so it is unclear whether the increase in likelihood of falling is explicable by an increase in instability. Here, stability with respect to a constant tripping perturbation was quantified as the immediate passive response of torso to the perturbation. Subject-specific muscle-driven simulations of eight young healthy subjects wa…