Search results for "ANTIBODIES"

Subnational mapping of HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15-49 years in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000-18: a modelling study

2021

Background. High-resolution estimates of HIV burden across space and time provide an important tool for tracking and monitoring the progress of prevention and control efforts and assist with improving the precision and efficiency of targeting efforts. We aimed to assess HIV incidence and HIV mortality for all second-level administrative units across sub-Saharan Africa. Methods. In this modelling study, we developed a framework that used the geographically specific HIV prevalence data collected in seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care clinics to train a model that estimates HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15–49 years. We used a model-based geostatistical framework to e…

Development of a Sensitive Detection Method for Alphaviruses and Its Use as a Virus Neutralization Assay

2021

Alphaviruses have a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome that contains two open reading frames encoding either the non-structural or the structural genes. Upon infection, the genomic RNA is translated into the non-structural proteins (nsPs). NsPs are required for viral RNA replication and transcription driven from the subgenomic promoter (sgP). Transfection of an RNA encoding the luciferase gene under the control of the sgP into cells enabled the detection of replication-competent chikungunya virus (CHIKV) or Mayaro virus (MAYV) with high sensitivity as a function of the induced luciferase activity. This assay principle was additionally used to analyze virus-neutralizing antibodies in…

Serological Follow-Up Study Indicates High Seasonal Coronavirus Infection and Reinfection Rates in Early Childhood

2022

Seasonal human coronaviruses (HCoVs) cause respiratory infections, especially in children. Currently, the knowledge on early childhood seasonal coronavirus infections and the duration of antibody levels following the first infections is limited. Here we analyzed serological follow-up samples to estimate the rate of primary infection and reinfection(s) caused by seasonal coronaviruses in early childhood. Serum specimens were collected from 140 children at ages of 13, 24, and 36 months (1, 2, and 3 years), and IgG antibody levels against recombinant HCoV nucleoproteins (N) were measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Altogether, 84% (118/140) of the children were seropositive for at least one s…

Cellular mechanisms of IL-17-induced blood-brain barrier disruption.

2009

Recently T-helper 17 (Th17) cells were demonstrated to disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by the action of IL-17A. The aim of the present study was to examine the mechanisms that underlie IL-17A-induced BBB breakdown. Barrier integrity was analyzed in the murine brain endothelial cell line bEnd.3 by measuring the electrical resistance values using electrical call impedance sensing technology. Furthermore, in-cell Western blots, fluorescence imaging, and monocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration assays were performed. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in C57BL/6 mice. IL-17A induced NADPH oxidase- or xanthine oxidase-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS)…

Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2-IgG Antibodies in Children with CKD or Immunosuppression

2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly spread from China as a pandemic, with Italy one of the most affected countries worldwide. Unlike adults, children have a milder presentation of COVID-19, even when affected by CKD or on immunosuppressive therapy for glomerulopathies and kidney

Is COVID-19 a proteiform disease inducing also molecular mimicry phenomena?

2020

Is molecular mimicry the culprit in the autoimmune haemolytic anaemia affecting patients with COVID‐19?

2020

Atypical thrombosis associated with VaxZevria (R) (AstraZeneca) vaccine: Data from the French Network of Regional Pharmacovigilance Centres

2021

The current COVID-19 pandemic is an exceptional health situation including for drug use. As there was no known effective drug for COVID-19 at the beginning of the pandemic, different candidates were proposed. In this short article, we present the French public pharmacovigilance activities during this health crisis. Although COVID-19 is a confounding factor per se, owing to its potential for multi-organ damage including the heart and kidney, the quality of the transmitted data in adverse drug reaction reports, the timeliness of feedback from clinicians, and the real-time pharmacological and medical analysis by the French network of the regional pharmacovigilance centers made it possible to s…

Development of polypeptide-based therapeutics for the treatment of castration resistant prostate cancer

2019

El cáncer de próstata (CaP) es el segundo cáncer más frecuente en los hombres. Los estudios han establecido el gen de fusión (T2E) compuesto por TMPRSS2 (serina proteasa dependiente de andrógenos) y ERG (factor de transcripción de la familia ETS) como un biomarcador potencial de CaP. La progresión en el CaP incluye tanto el receptor de andrógenos (AR) como el receptor del factor de crecimiento de insulina 1 (IGF-1R), y el tratamiento con un anticuerpo anti-IGF-1R (AVE1642) ha demostrado un gran potencial en el tratamiento de los pacientes con CaP T2E-positivos. Por ello, el desarrollo de terapias personalizadas basadas en polímeros terapéuticos puede favorecer el tratamiento de CaP para un …

Respiratory involvement in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides: a retrospective study based on POLVAS registry

2021

OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to characterise the Polish population of (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV) with respiratory involvement (RI), in comparison to the subgroup without lung manifestations and the other cohorts. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the Polish population of AAV with RI was conducted, based on data from the POLVAS registry. Standard descriptive statistics, χ2 test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used to perform comparisons. RESULTS: Among 461 cases qualified to this study, there were 316 cases with RI (68.5%), 206 with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) (65.2%), 80 with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) (25.3%) and 30 with microscopic polyangiitis…