Search results for "ARBUSCULAR"
showing 10 items of 167 documents
Evaluation of viticultural practices on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with grapevine
2021
Arbuscular mycorrhiza, a mutualistic symbiosis established between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), provides many ecosystem services such as improved soil structure, increased plant growth and nutrition, and improved tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, intensive agricultural practices and the use of phytosanitary products as for example herbicide and fungicides, have a strong impact on communities of soil microorganisms, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, as well as on biological mechanisms within the ecosystem. This thesis wotk is part of the European Biovine project supported by the European Commission through the CORE Organic Cofund. The aim of this rese…
Fungal genes related to calcium homeostasis and signalling are upregulated in symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhiza interactions
2012
Fluctuations in intracellular calcium levels generate signalling events and regulate different cellular processes. Whilst the implication of Ca2+ in plant responses during arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) interactions is well documented, nothing is known about the regulation or role of this secondary messenger in the fungal symbiont. The spatio-temporal expression pattern of putatively Ca2+-related genes of Glomus intraradices BEG141 encoding five proteins involved in membrane transport and one nuclear protein kinase, was investigated during the AM symbiosis. Expression profiles related to successful colonization of host roots were observed in interactions of G. intraradices with roots of wild-ty…
On the importance of details in arbuscular mycorrhizal research
2015
Most journals require authors to provide sufficient experimental detail in their publications to enable other scientists to reproduce the studies presented. However, my personal experience when reading papers in my research field suggests that many details that could be considered important are commonly overlooked. I analysed the work published during 2013 within the field of arbuscular mycorrhizal ecology, assessing whether 15 important details from 5 fundamental criteria were reported about (1) the experimental treatment, (2) the abiotic growing conditions, (3) the soil nutrient concentrations, (4) the duration of the study and (5) a description of the methodology employed to collect the …
Arbuskulāro mikorizu ietekmējošie ekoloģiskie faktori dabiskos biotopos un agrocenozēs
2013
Elektroniskā versija nesatur pielikumus
Ecology of arbuscular mycorrhizas : interactions plant - fungal genotypes and mycorrhizas - bacteria
2008
Signalling between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plants: Identification of a gene expressed during early interactions by differential RNA display …
2002
Although there is evidence for an interplay of signalling/recognition events at different stages during plant/fungal interactions in arbuscular mycorrhiza, the nature of signalling molecules and signal perception/transduction processes are so far unknown. Virtually nothing is known of molecular interactions during initial contact between arbuscular mycorrhizal symbionts, but plant mutants which limit fungal development to these first steps (myc-1) provide proof of the involvement of plant genes. One such pea mutant (P2) has been used to investigate gene expression during early plant-fungal interactions by differential RNA display. Partial transcriptome analysis has indicated frequent simila…
Molecular community and population studies of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota)
2014
The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, which appeared at the same time as land plants, 460 million years ago, is a mutualistic beneficial association between most land plants, including those cultivated, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). AMF, from the Glomeromycota phylum, are widespread soil microorganisms needing a photosynthetic host to complete their life cycle (obligate symbionts). The great potential of plant mineral nutrition improvement and crop production increased during this symbiosis, make AMF an asset in the context of an increase in the demand of world food crop production. The control of that symbiosis by ecology engineering in order to improve ecosystem services, especi…
Host plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi show contrasting responses to temperature increase: Implications for dioecious plants
2014
Individual plants live in complex environments where they interact with other organisms such as herbivores, pollinators, fungi and pathogens. The influence of rising temperature on biotic interactions has begun to receive attention, and is an important research frontier currently. However, the belowground interactions with organisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have received little attention so far. In this study, we investigated the response of the dioecious plant Antennaria dioica and its AM fungi to increased temperature in a controlled environment simulating the period of growth of A. dioica in central Finland. Specifically, we evaluated the effect of rising temperature on …
Base composition of DNA from glomalean fungi: high amounts of methylated cytosine.
1997
Glomales (Zygomycetes) are obligate fungal symbionts of roots of land plants and form arbuscular mycorrhiza. Sporal DNA of 10 isolates belonging to nine species was purified and the base composition was determined by RP-HPLC. Base composition fell in a narrow range between 30 and 35% G + C. A high amount of methylated cytosine (mC) accounting for 2-4% of the total nucleotides was found in all taxa. The DNA melting profile was defined for Scutellospora castanea. It corresponded to 32% G + C, and the shape of the denaturation curve suggested a heterogeneity in the GC content within the fungal genome. Knowledge of GC contents and variations between taxa are essential for evaluating nuclear DNA…