Search results for "Access"
showing 10 items of 1232 documents
Inequality and education in pre-industrial economies: Evidence from Spain
2018
Abstract This article contributes to the debate on institutions and economic development by examining the historical link between land access inequality and education. Using information from the 464 districts existent in mid-19th century Spain, this paper confirms that there is a negative relationship between the fraction of farm labourers and male literacy rates. This result does not disappear when a large set of potential confounding factors are included in the analysis. The use of the Reconquest as a quasi-natural experiment allows us to rule out further concerns about potential endogeneity. In addition, controlling for different sources of spatial dependence does not explain away this r…
Primary commodity prices: co-movements, common factors and fundamentals
2011
The behavior of commodities is critical for developing and developed countries alike. This paper contributes to the empirical evidence on the co-movement and determinants of commodity prices. Using nonstationary panel methods, the authors document a statistically significant degree of co-movement due to a common factor. Within a Factor Augmented VAR approach, real interest rate and uncertainty, as postulated by a simple asset pricing model, are both found to be negatively related to this common factor. This evidence is robust to the inclusion of demand and supply shocks, which both positively impact on co-movement of commodity prices.
Does the internet increase the job finding rate? Evidence from a period of expansion in internet use
2021
Abstract We examine the impact of household access to the internet on job finding rates in Germany during a period (2006–2009) in which the share of households with a broadband connection increased by 31 percentage points, and job-seekers increased their use of the internet as a search tool. During this period, household access to broadband internet was almost completely dependent on the availability of a particular technology (DSL). We therefore exploit the variation in DSL availability across municipalities as an instrument for household access to the internet. OLS estimates which control for differences in individual and local area characteristics suggest a job finding advantage of about…
Education for all by 2015
2002
At the World Education Forum in Dakar, Senegal, in 2000, officials from 180 countries set a challenging goal: ensuring access to primary education for all children by 2015
Pathways to higher education in France and Switzerland: Do vocational tracks facilitate access to higher education for immigrant students?
2014
In this chapter we wish to clarify through which institutional pathways higher education is accessed by immigrant group students in Switzerland and France. We have chosen these two countries because they differ from each other both in their educational systems and in the ways new routes to higher education have been set up through vocationally orientated programmes. The educational landscape in France is characterised by a more school-based system and has a greater tradition of prestigious tertiary education institutions (Duru-Bellat et al., 2008). Moreover, traditional vocational education and training (VET) does not have very high status and therefore fails to attract a large proportion o…
Social inequality at school and educational policies
2003
This study looks at the links between school and social inequalities, both the way in which school may cultivate such inequalities, and the educational policies that can play a role in limiting them. The booklet provides what is one of only very few summaries of the plentiful literature devoted to the subject. It reveals the scale and various aspects of social inequalities, and, with reference to sociological research, discusses their origin both within families and in the daily functioning of schools and the classroom. This is followed by a description of educational policies for reducing inequalities in the school careers of children and young people, ranging from classroom-based measures…
Pathways enabling educational success for vulnerable immigrants in Switzerland, Canada and France
2014
Parcours d'études favorisant l'accès à l'enseignement supérieur des jeunes d'origine immigrée en Suisse, France et au Canada - Les politiques éducatives des dernières décennies ont favorisé les poursuites d'études des élèves jusqu'aux niveaux post-secondaires. Ces politiques devraient contribuer à réduire certaines inégalités connues dans le système éducatif en améliorant la réussite scolaire des groupes défavorisés ou vulnérables tels les enfants d'origine immigrée ou de milieu social modeste. Dans cet article, nous cherchons à préciser non seulement si, mais aussi comment les parcours scolaires, permettent l'accès à l'enseignement supérieur des jeunes d'origine immigrée, en mobilisant tro…
Location of holes in silicon-rich oxide as memory states
2002
The induced changes of the flatband voltage by the location of holes in a silicon-rich oxide (SRO) film sandwiched between two thin SiO 2 layers [used as gate dielectric in a metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitor] can be used as the two states of a memory cell. The principle of operation is based on holes permanently trapped in the SRO layer and reversibly moved up and down, close to the metal and the semiconductor, in order to obtain the two logic states of the memory. The concept has been verified by suitable experiments on MOS structures. The device exhibits an excellent endurance behavior and, due to the low mobility of the holes at low field in the SRO layer, a much longer refresh …
Making interaction with virtual reality accessible : rendering and guiding methods for subtitles
2021
AbstractAccessibility in immersive media is a relevant research topic, still in its infancy. This article explores the appropriateness of two rendering modes (fixed-positioned and always-visible) and two guiding methods (arrows and auto-positioning) for subtitles in 360° video. All considered conditions have been implemented and integrated in an end-to-end platform (from production to consumption) for their validation and evaluation. A pilot study with end users has been conducted with the goals of determining the preferred options by users, the options that result in a higher presence, and of gathering extra valuable feedback from the end users. The obtained results reflect that, for the c…
The impact of multinational banking on domestic banking
2006
Post-Keynesians have made endogenous money a central argument in their theory of output. Indeed, production cannot be undertaken if access to finance, usually meaning bank credit, does not exist. Such access is needed if wages are to be paid, and inputs of production purchased. In a monetary economy, therefore, money is created at the demand of borrowers, supplied by banks.