Search results for "Acetaldehyde"

Alcohol addiction: a role for acetaldehyde

2009

Alcoholism is a chronically relapsing disorder characterized by cycles of repeated high alcohol intake and negative emotional consequences of withdrawal thought to contribute to excessive drinking and susceptibility to relapse. In the past years, the pharmacological and behavioural effects of alcohol, such us sedation, memory and learning impairment, were assigned to the main component of alcoholic drinks, ethanol. Recently acetaldehyde, the first metabolite of ethanol, seems to exert biological activity, besides its adverse effects. The aim of the present review is to elucidate the putative role of acetaldehyde in mediating the neuronal and behavioural features induced by ethanol intake.

Secondary brown carbon formation via the dicarbonyl imine pathway: nitrogen heterocycle formation and synergistic effects.

2016

Dicarbonyls are known to be important precursors of so-called atmospheric brown carbon, significantly affecting aerosol optical properties and radiative forcing. In this systematic study we report the formation of light-absorbing nitrogen containing compounds from simple 1,2-, 1,3-, 1,4-, and 1,5-dicarbonyl + amine reactions. A combination of spectrophotometric and mass spectrometric techniques was used to characterize reaction products in solutions mimicking atmospheric particulates. Experiments with individual dicarbonyls and dicarbonyl mixtures in ammonium sulfate and glycine solutions demonstrate that nitrogen heterocycles are common structural motifs of brown carbon chromophores formed…

Wine Consumption and Oral Cavity Cancer: Friend or Foe, Two Faces of Janus

2020

The health benefits of moderate wine consumption have been extensively studied during the last few decades. Some studies have demonstrated protective associations between moderate drinking and several diseases including oral cavity cancer (OCC). However, due to the various adverse effects related to ethanol content, the recommendation of moderate wine consumption has been controversial. The polyphenolic components of wine contribute to its beneficial effects with different biological pathways, including antioxidant, lipid regulating and anti-inflammatory effects. On the other hand, in the oral cavity, ethanol is oxidized to form acetaldehyde, a metabolite with genotoxic properties. This rev…

Acetaldehyde as a drug of abuse: insight into AM281 administration on operant-conflict paradigm in rats

2013

Increasing evidence focuses on acetaldehyde (ACD) as the mediator of the rewarding and motivational properties of ethanol. Indeed, ACD stimulates dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens and it is self-administered under different conditions. Besides the dopaminergic transmission, the endocannabinoid system has been reported to play an important role in ethanol central effects, modulating primary alcohol rewarding effect, drug-seeking and relapse behaviour. Drug motivational properties are highlighted in operant paradigms which include response-contingent punishment, a behavioural equivalent of compulsive drug use despite adverse consequences. The aim of this study was thus to characterize…

Regulation of the acetaldehyde concentration in culture medium during the fermentation of glucose by Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1970

Die Konzentration an Acetaldehyd im Medium wahrend der anaeroben Vergarung von Glucose durch Saccharomyces cerevisiae weist in der logarithmischen Wachstumsphase die hochsten Werte auf. Die Induktion der Pyruvatdecarboxylase durch Glucose fordert die Akkumulation von Acetaldehyd, der ins Medium diffundiert. Hefestamme, die unterschiedlich viel Acetaldehyd bilden, unterscheiden sich in ihren Pyruvatdecarboxylaseaktivitaten. Diese engen Beziehungen zwischen Pyruvatdecarboxylase und Acetaldehydproduktion deuten auf die Kontrollfunktion der Pyruvatdecarboxylase bei der Acetaldehydakkumulation hin. Hohere Aktivitaten der Alkoholdehydrogenase verringern die Acetaldehydakkumulation, wodurch sich e…

Salsolinol and ethanol-derived excitation of dopamine mesolimbic neurons: new insights

2013

Evidence supporting the essential role of brain-derived ethanol metabolites in the excitation of dopamine (DA) midbrain neurons has multiplied in the last 10–15 years. The pioneer and influential behavioral studies by CM Aragon and colleagues (see Correa et al., 2012 for a complete review) and more recent data (Sanchez-Catalan et al., 2009; Marti-Prats et al., 2010, 2013) have repeatedly demonstrated the crucial role displayed by acetaldehyde (ACD) in the locomotor and other behavioral responses elicited by ethanol. Although these experiments mainly used an indirect measure (exploratory locomotion) as an index of the excitation of DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), results stro…

Tetranitroresorcin[4]arene: synthesis and structure of a new stereoisomer

2009

The direct reaction between 2-nitroresorcinol and acetaldehyde in alkaline medium yields tetranitro-C1-resorcin[4]arene in a moderate 8.2% overall yield which was characterized by single crystal X-ray crystallography, 1H NMR spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). In solution and in the solid state, the product adopts a unique, thermally stable and unprecedented rcct-boat conformation.

PHARMACOLOGICAL MODULATION OF OPERANT BEHAVIOUR FOR ACETALDEHYDE. INVOLVEMENT OF D2 AND CB1 RECEPTORS.

2013

Acetaldehyde (ACD), the first metabolite of ethanol, has rewarding and motivational properties, as shown by behavioural studies specifically tailored for studying addictive-like behaviour (1, 2). The rewarding and incentive effects of alcohol and others addictive substances, result from their capability to enhance mesolimbic dopamine (DA) transmission, as well as to affect the cannabinoid system, which is able to fine-tune the activity of DA neurons (3). ACD directly increases DA neurotransmission (4), but the neural underpinning the operant behaviour for oral-self administered ACD still remains poorly understood. Since D2 and CB1 receptors are involved in alcohol addiction (3), as well as …

Nuovi derivati della Dopamina nell’Addiction da sostanze d’abuso: studi preclinici su modelli sperimentali murini

Manipulation of the DA signal on the onset of relapse of ACD

2013

It's widely known that all addictive drugs show analogous pathological behaviours consisting in compulsive drug seeking,loss of self –control and propensity to relapse. This evidence is suggestive of a common brain mechanism involving the Ventral Tegmental Area and Nucleus Accumbens whereby mesocorticolimbimc dopamine pathway. Dfferent and apparently anthitetic classes of drugs of abuse manage to increase DA release, in the aforementioned areas (Di Chiara, 1988; 1995). Reductions in activity of the mesolimbic dopamine system in the nucleus accumbes occur during drug withdrawal in animal studies (Weiss F et al. 1992; 1996). Experimental evidences have proven D2 receptor involvement in drug s…