Search results for "Activation"

Activation of a nuclear-localized SIPK in tobacco cells challenged by cryptogein, an elicitor of plant defence reactions.

2009

When a plant cell is challenged by a well-defined stimulus, complex signal transduction pathways are activated to promote the modulation of specific sets of genes and eventually to develop adaptive responses. In this context, protein phosphorylation plays a fundamental role through the activation of multiple protein kinase families. Although the involvement of protein kinases at the plasma membrane and cytosolic levels are now well-documented, their nuclear counterparts are still poorly investigated. In the field of plant defence reactions, no known study has yet reported the activation of a nuclear protein kinase and/or its nuclear activity in plant cells, although some protein kinases, e.…

Survival cost of an early immune soliciting in nature.

2009

8 pages; International audience; If immune functions confer obvious benefits to hosts, life-history theory assumes that they also induce costs, leading to trade-offs between immunity and other fitness components. However, whether substantial fitness costs are associated with immune systems in the wild is debatable, as numerous factors may influence the costs and benefits associated with immune activation. Here, we explore the survival cost of immune deployment in postfledging birds. We injected Eurasian collared dove nestlings (Streptopelia decaocto) with antigens from Escherichia coli, and examined whether this immune challenge affected survival after fledging. To assess survival, birds we…

Lignin Inter-Diffusion Underlying Improved Mechanical Performance of Hot-Pressed Paper Webs

2021

Broader use of bio-based fibres in packaging becomes possible when the mechanical properties of fibre materials exceed those of conventional paperboard. Hot-pressing provides an efficient method to improve both the wet and dry strength of lignin-containing paper webs. Here we study varied pressing conditions for webs formed with thermomechanical pulp (TMP). The results are compared against similar data for a wide range of other fibre types. In addition to standard strength and structural measurements, we characterise the induced structural changes with X-ray microtomography and scanning electron microscopy. The wet strength generally increases monotonously up to a very high pressing tempera…

Effect of acyl-CoA oxidase activity on the accumulation of gamma-decalactone by the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica: a factorial approach.

2007

International audience; beta-Oxidation is a cyclic pathway involved in the degradation of lipids. In yeast, it occurs in peroxisomes and the first step is catalyzed by an acyl-CoA oxidase (Aoxp). The yeast Yarrowia lipolytica possesses several genes (POX) coding for Aoxps. This study is based on the factorial analysis of results obtained with the many POX derivative strains that have been constructed previously. The effect of interactions between Aoxps on the acyl-CoA oxidase (Aox) activity was important even at the second order. We then investigated the effect of Aox activity on growth and lactone production. Aox activity was correlated with acidification of the medium by cells and with ce…

Interpreting immunological indices: the importance of taking parasite community into account. An example in blackbirds Turdus merula.

2015

13 pages; International audience; Despite the intensive use of immune indices in immunoecology, whether to interpret the results of immune indices in terms of actual immune competence (i.e. ability to control and clear parasite infections as indicated by high values of immune indices associated with low parasite loads) or current immune activation (pathogenic infection being associated with high parasite load and high values of immune indices) is still an open question. Most studies to date have produced contrasting results focused on the effect of a single parasite species despite the fact that hosts usually harbour a community of parasites that influences one another's impact on host immu…

The Plant Inorganic Pyrophosphatase Does Not Transport K+ in Vacuole Membrane Vesicles Multilabeled with Fluorescent Probes for H+, K+, and Membrane …

1995

Abstract It has been claimed that the inorganic pyrophosphatase (PPase) of the plant vacuolar membrane transports K+ in addition to H+ in intact vacuoles (Davies, J. M., Poole, R. J., Rea, P. A., and Sanders, D.(1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 89, 11701-11705). Since this was not confirmed using the purified and reconstituted PPase consisting of a 75-kDa polypeptide (Sato, M. H., Kasahara, M., Ishii, N., Homareda, H., Matsui, H., and Yoshida, M. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 6725-6728), these authors proposed that K+ transport by the PPase is dependent on its association with other membrane components lost during purification. We have examined the hypothesis of K+ translocation by the PP…

2020

Limited data are available regarding strength and endurance training adaptations to occupational physical performance during deployment. This study assessed acute training-induced changes in neuromuscular (electromyography; EMG) and metabolic (blood lactate, BLa) responses during a high-intensity military simulation test (MST), performed in the beginning (PRE) and at the end (POST) of a six-month crisis-management operation. MST time shortened (145 ± 21 vs. 129 ± 16 s, −10 ± 7%, p < 0.001) during the operation. Normalized muscle activity increased from PRE to POST in the hamstring muscles by 87 ± 146% (116 ± 52 vs. 195 ± 139%EMGMVC, p < 0.001) and in the quadriceps by 54 ± 81% (26 ± 8…

Automatic Location of Sources of Electrical Activation from Electroanatomical Maps

2016

Electro-anatomical mapping is a widely used technique used by electrophysiologists to understand patient's activation pattern. The system measures activation time at different locations but does not provide information on underlying electrical pathways or triggering points, such as Purkinje-myocardial junctions or ectopic foci. We present a method to estimate the locations of Purkinje-myocardial junctions from a discrete set of endocardial samples. Using less than 1000 endocardial samples it can recover locations and activation times of the most influencing Purkinje myocardial junctions from Purkinje trees of up to 500 junctions. A simulation study revealed that using the estimated Purkinje…

Chestnuts and by-products as source of natural antioxidants in meat and meat products: A review

2018

Abstract Background Chestnuts have traditionally been used for both human and animal consumption due to their nutritional properties. During chestnut industrial processing, several by-products are generated, like chestnut wood, flowers, leaves, shells, barks and burs. These by-products constitute an important source of antioxidant compounds, which can be used as food additives to be incorporated in other food products such as meat in order to improve nutritional and quality characteristics as well as to delay oxidation processes. Scope and approach This systematic literature review evaluated the main antioxidant compounds of chestnuts by-products, including total content and profile. Moreov…

Soluble Platelet Release Factors as Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Disease

2021

Platelets are the main players in thrombotic diseases, where activated platelets not only mediate thrombus formation but also are involved in multiple interactions with vascular cells, inflammatory components, and the coagulation system. Although in vitro reactivity of platelets provides information on the function of circulating platelets, it is not a full reflection of the in vivo activation state, which may be relevant for thrombotic risk assessment in various disease conditions. Therefore, studying release markers of activated platelets in plasma is of interest. While this type of study has been done for decades, there are several new discoveries that highlight the need for a critical a…