Search results for "Activity"

Particulate Matter Exposure and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological Studies

2019

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common cognitive and behavioural disorder affecting children, with a worldwide-pooled prevalence of around 5%. Exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution is suspected to be associated with autism spectrum disorders and recent studies have investigated the relationship between PM exposure and ADHD. In the absence of any synthesis of the relevant literature on this topic, this systematic review of epidemiological studies aimed to investigate the relationship between the exposure of children to PM and ADHD and identify gaps in our current knowledge. In December 2018, we searched the PubMed and EMBASE databases. We only included…

Individual Differences in Auditory, Pain, and Motor Stimulation

2007

Abstract. Augmenting/reducing is a personality dimension related to the processing of sensory stimuli. Augmenters are assumed to augment the impact of stimuli leading to stimulation-avoidant behavior and lower pain tolerance. Reducers are assumed to attenuate sensory stimuli leading to stimulation-seeking behavior and higher pain tolerance. Augmenting/reducing can be assessed by the method of evoked potentials or - as in this study - by questionnaire. Two studies were conducted to examine associations between augmenting/reducing as assessed by questionnaire and stimulus intensity modulation. Study 1 found reducers (n = 24, 12 females) to more frequently consume psychoactive substances and …

Home is the new gym: exergame as a potential tool to maintain adequate fitness levels also during quarantine

2020

Purpose With the coronavirus outbreak, the preventive measures include staying at home and isolation, increasing sedentary behaviours and risk for worsening of chronic diseases To explore alternative forms of home-based physical activity, the study aim was to evaluate physiological (heart rate [HR], respiratory exchange ratio [RER], oxygen consumption [ O2], energy expenditure [EE], metabolic equivalent task [MET]) and psychological (session rating of perceived exertion [sRPE], enjoyment) parameters of real (Zumba® class [ZC]) and exergame (Zumba® Fitness Rush [ZFR]) activities in relation to sex Methods Overall, 12 female (age: 24 7 ± 0 9 years) and 8 male (age: 25 3 ± 2 1 years) college s…

Direct antiviral agents in hepatitis C virus related liver disease: Don’t count the chickens before they’re hatched

2021

Since molecules with direct-acting antiviral (DAA) became available, the landscape of the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has completely changed. The new drugs are extremely effective in eradicating infection, and treatment is very well tolerated with a duration of 8-12 wk. This review aims to report the outstanding clinical benefits of DAA and to highlight their critical disadvantages, identifying some clinically relevant hot topics. First, do the rates of virological response remain as high when patients with more advanced cirrhosis are considered? Large studies have shown slightly lower but still satisfactory rates of response in these patients. Nevertheless, modified sche…

Calprotectin and spondyloarthritis

2017

Neuropsychological correlates of emotional lability in children with ADHD

2012

Background: Emotional lability (EL) is commonly seen in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The reasons for this association remain currently unknown. To address this question, we examined the relationship between ADHD and EL symptoms, and performance on a range of neuropsychological tasks to clarify whether EL symptoms are predicted by particular cognitive and/or motivational dysfunctions and whether these associations are mediated by the presence of ADHD symptoms. Methods: A large multi-site sample of 424 carefully diagnosed ADHD cases and 564 unaffected siblings and controls aged 618 years performed a broad neuropsychological test battery, including a Go/No-Go …

The estrogen receptor α:insulin receptor substrate 1 complex in breast cancer: structure–function relationships

2007

Background: Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) is a signaling molecule that exerts a key role in mediating cross talk between estrogen receptor a (ERa) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in breast cancer cells. Previously, we demonstrated that a fraction of IRS-1 binds ERa, translocates to the nucleus, and modulates ERa-dependent transcription at estrogen response elements (ERE). Here, we studied structure-function relationships of the ER-a:IRS-1 complex under IGF-1 and/or estradiol (E 2 ) stimulation. Materials and methods: ERa and IRS-1 deletion mutants were used to analyze structural and functional ERα/IRS-1 interactions. IRS-1 binding to ERE and IRS-1 role in ERa-dependent ERE t…

Trajectories of Physical Activity Predict the Onset of Depressive Symptoms but Not Their Progression: A Prospective Cohort Study

2016

This prospective, community-based study examined trajectories of physical activity from childhood to adulthood and whether these trajectories contributed to depressive symptoms in adulthood to a greater degree than adulthood physical activity. Participants (n=3596) were from the ongoing Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study which started in 1980. Depressive symptoms were measured with Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) in 2012, and physical activity was assessed from 1980 to 2011 with self-reports. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, childhood negative emotionality, socioeconomic factors, previous depressive symptoms, social support, body mass index, and smoking status (1980–2007). High…

Differences in sedentary time and physical activity among mothers and children using a movement-to-music video program in the home environment: a pil…

2016

Measured objectively, less than a quarter of adults and under half of preschool children in Finland meet the physical activity recommendations. Moreover, higher sedentary time among parents (such as watching television) is associated with higher sedentary time of their children. The study introduces an intervention based on reducing sedentary behavior among mothers and their children. It utilizes a combination of music and exercise via a motivation-targeting movement-to-music video program in the home environment. Data were collected in summer 2014 from Finland’s Pirkanmaa region. Each mother–child pair (n = 24, child age: 4–7 years) was assigned to the intervention and control group. Both …

Effects of 1-(halogenalkoxy)alkyl-5-fluorouracil derivatives on cell growth, cell volume and nucleus size of mouse lymphoma cells.

1992

The effects of three 1-(halogenalkoxy)alkyl-5-fluorouracil derivatives on cultured mouse lymphoma cells were studied and compared with those of N-methyl-bis-(2-chloroethyl)amine hydrochloride (Lost). The derivatives exert only little influence on cell proliferation and cell volume. However, all derivatives cause a concentration-dependent nucleus contraction, probably due to DNA cross-linkings. Bromodesoxyuridine modulates the effects of the derivatives on the DNA, leading to swelling of the nucleus, which may be caused by DNA strand-breaks. It is suggested that the derivatives exert synergistic effects with other factors. It is concluded that these studies are suitable for the prescreening …