Search results for "Adrenaline"

Modulation of high impulsivity and attentional performance in rats by selective direct and indirect dopaminergic and noradrenergic receptor agonists

2011

Rationale Impulsivity is associated with a number of psychiatric disorders, most notably attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Drugs that augment catecholamine function (e.g. methylphenidate and the selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor atomoxetine) have clinical efficacy in ADHD, but their precise mechanism of action is unclear. Objective The objective of this study is to investigate the relative contribution of dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) to the therapeutic effects of clinically effective drugs in ADHD using rats selected for high impulsivity on the five-choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT). Methods We examined the effects of direct and indirect DA and NA rec…

Role of calcineurin in Ca2+-induced release of catecholamines and neuropeptides

1998

Neurotransmission requires rapid docking, fusion, and recycling of neurotransmitter vesicles. Several of the proteins involved in this complex Ca2+-regulated mechanism have been identified as substrates for protein kinases and phosphatases, e.g., the synapsins, synaptotagmin, rabphilin3A, synaptobrevin, munc18, MARCKS, dynamin I, and B-50/GAP-43. So far most attention has focused on the role of kinases in the release processes, but recent evidence indicates that phosphatases may be as important. Therefore, we investigated the role of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin in exocytosis and subsequent vesicle recycling. Calcineurin-neutralizing antibodies, which blocke…

Nicotine receptors do not modulate the 3H-noradrenaline release from the isolated rat heart evoked by sympathetic nerve stimulation.

1982

Isolated rat hearts with the right sympathetic nerves attached were perfused at a constant flow rate of 7 ml/min with Tyrode's solution. (-)-3H-Noradrenaline (final concentration 10–13.9 nM) was infused for 10 min to label the noradrenaline stores. After wash-out the sympathetic nerves were stimulated electrically (3 Hz, 180 impulses, 1 ms, 20–30 mA) three times (S1–S3) at intervals of 15 min. 3H-Noradrenaline and its metabolites were determined by liquid scintillation counting according to Graefe et al. (1973). Both, nicotine 50 μM and p-aminophenethyltrimethylammonium (PAPETA) 30 μM, enhanced the 3H-noradrenaline overflow in the absence of nerve stimulation. The effect of PAPETA was bipha…

Die Wirkung von Ouabain auf die Elimination von Noradrenalin aus der Perfusionsfl�ssigkeit des isolierten Kaninchenherzens

1966

Isolated rabbit hearts were perfused with Tyrode solution containing 10 ng/ml (-)-noradrenaline for 20 min. The uptake by the heart of noradrenaline was calculated by estimating the percentage of amine removed from the perfusion fluid during a single passage through the heart. Previous experiments have shown that the amount of noradrenaline removed from the perfusion fluid corresponds well to the amount retained by the heart. In control experiments, the mean removal (elimination) of noradrenaline was 50±1.7% of the amount infused as measured biologically and 46±2.2% as measured fluorimetrically. Ouabain was added to the perfusion fluid at concentrations ranging from 2.74·10−7 to 2.0·10−6 mo…

Studies on the formation of ?-methylnoradrenaline in hypertensive patients treated with ?-methyldopa

1968

Feeding the brain: the importance of nutrients for brain functions and health

2017

‘We are what we eat’, said the philosopher Feuerbach. In fact, the quality of the food we eat affects our mind as well: the brain, which represents 2% of our body weight, consumes about 20% of the calories we eat each day. Follow a few rules could therefore help to feed properly our brain, so it works to the best of its ability. It is important to know properties of foods especially regarding their aminoacidic composition because aminoacids are components of neurotransmitters, molecules needed for brain transmission and function. It is also possible to choose specific food to prevent or support different diseases that affects nervous system.

Italian Association of Sleep Medicine (AIMS) position statement and guideline on the treatment of menopausal sleep disorders

2019

Insomnia, vasomotor symptoms (VMS) and depression often co-occur after the menopause, with consequent health problems and reductions in quality of life. The aim of this position statement is to provide evidence-based advice on the management of postmenopausal sleep disorders derived from a systematic review of the literature. The latter yielded results on VMS, insomnia, circadian rhythm disorders, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and restless leg syndrome (RLS). Overall, the studies show that menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) improves VMS, insomnia, and mood. Several antidepressants can improve insomnia, either on their own or in association with MHT; these include selective serotonin reuptake …

A comparison of injection pain with articaine with adrenaline, prilocaine with phenylpressin and lidocaine with adrenaline

2008

Kutuk, Nukhet/0000-0001-6563-1899 WOS: 000259667200006 PubMed: 18587306 Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the pain on injection of articaine with adrenaline, prilocaine with phenylpressin, and lidocaine with adrenaline. Study Design: The study sample was comprised of 497 consecutively seen patients received 497 maxillary buccal infiltration injections or inferior alveolar block injections of 4% articaine with 1: 200.000 adrenaline, 3% prilocaine with 1.08mcg phenylpressin, or 2% lidocaine with 1: 100.000 adrenaline. Immediately after the injection, patients were asked to rate their injection pain on a six-point scale. Results: There were no significant differe…

Impact of increased mean arterial pressure on skin microcirculatory oxygenation in vasopressor-requiring septic patients: an interventional study

2019

Abstract Background Heterogeneity of microvascular blood flow leading to tissue hypoxia is a common finding in patients with septic shock. It may be related to suboptimal systemic perfusion pressure and lead to organ failure. Mapping of skin microcirculatory oxygen saturation and relative hemoglobin concentration using hyperspectral imaging allows to identify heterogeneity of perfusion and perform targeted measurement of oxygenation. We hypothesized that increasing mean arterial pressure would result in improved oxygenation in areas of the skin with most microvascular blood pooling. Methods We included adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit within the previous 24 h with sepsis a…

Effect of cocaine and related drugs on the uptake of noradrenaline by heart and spleen

1961

Noradrenaline uptake by heart and spleen after intravenous infusion of noradrenaline was measured in the pithed rat. Cocaine, given before the infusion, inhibited the noradrenaline uptake in relation (a) to the dose administered and (b) to the amount of noradrenaline infused. There was an association between increase in the pressor response to a test dose of noradrenaline and inhibition of the uptake by the heart. Drugs related chemically to cocaine, such as alpha-cocaine, amethocaine, and atropine, did not alter the noradrenaline uptake or potentiate the blood pressure response to noradrenaline. The noradrenaline uptake by the heart was unchanged after dibenamine, but blocked by the dichlo…