Search results for "Aflatoxin"

Combination of allyl isothiocyanate and cinnamaldehyde against the growth of mycotoxigenic fungi and aflatoxin production in corn

2021

Recent advances in Nanomaterial-mediated Bio and immune sensors for detection of aflatoxin in food products

2017

Abstract Aflatoxin is the most harmful mycotoxin which is ubiquitous in foods and agricultural supplies. Since the health of human population is largely determined by the condition of food-producing, contaminated foods and agricultural supplies with aflatoxin can put the safety of people in jeopardy and lead to some fatal disease. In 2003 estimated the annual cost of aflatoxin contamination in the U.S. at about $500 million strong concern for human life. There are a great demand for development of rapid, sensitive and specific methods for detection of aflatoxin at trace levels. The purpose of this review is limited to novel aflatoxin biosensors, paying special attention to those based on th…

Climate Change and Effects on Molds and Mycotoxins

2022

Earth’s climate is undergoing adverse global changes as an unequivocal result of anthropogenic activity. The occurring environmental changes are slowly shaping the balance between plant growth and related fungal diseases. Climate (temperature, available water, and light quality/quantity; as well as extreme drought, desertification, and fluctuations of humid/dry cycles) represents the most important agroecosystem factor influencing the life cycle stages of fungi and their ability to colonize crops, survive, and produce toxins. The ability of mycotoxigenic fungi to respond to Climate Change (CC) may induce a shift in their geographical distribution and in the pattern of mycotoxin occurrence. …

CONTAMINATION CONTROL OF AFLATOXINS IN MILK INTENDED FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION: COMPARISON OF DATA OBTAINED BETWEEN 2014 AND 2017

2017

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is the hydroxylated metabolite on the hepatic level of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), found in milk when the animal is lactating after ingestion of zootechnical feeds contaminated with aflatoxin B1. Exposed with the present work is a study conducted at the laboratory So.gest s.r.l of Palermo, which lasted more than three years, on the presence of Mycotoxins in bovine milk which provenance is from farms in the Sicilian area of Catania, Enna and Caltanissetta in order to determine whether during this period some changes in concentration of aflatoxin M1 (AFM) have occurred and access if the presence of the toxin is always within the legal limits. The analyzes were conducted with ELIS…

Mycotoxin contamination in laboratory rat feeds and their implications in animal research

2016

Compound feed is particularly vulnerable to multi-mycotoxin contamination. A method for the determination of 12 mycotoxins; enniatins A, A1, B, B1; aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2; OTA; ZEA; T-2 and HT-2 by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed and applied for the analysis of laboratory rat commercial feeds. The method trueness was checked by recovery assays at three different spiked levels (n = 9). Recoveries ranged from 73% to 112%, and the intra-day and inter-day precision were lower than 9% and 13%, respectively. Limits of quantitation were lower than 15 μg/kg. Twenty-seven laboratory rats feed samples showed multi-contamination by at least three up to six differen…

Inhibition of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2 production by Aspergillus parasiticus in nuts using yellow and oriental mustard flours

2015

Abstract Aflatoxins (AFs) are naturally occurring mycotoxin compounds produced by several species of Aspergillus, as Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus and are mutagenic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic compounds that have been implicated as causative agents in human hepatic and extra hepatic carcinogenesis. In this study, the reduction of the AFs present in dried fruits (peanut, cashew, walnut, almond, hazelnut and pistachio), produced by A. parasiticus CECT 2681, by isothiocyanates (ITCs) generated by the enzymatic hydrolysis of the glucosinolates (GLCs) present in oriental and yellow mustard flours was evaluated. The AFs reduction activity through ITCs application in dried frui…

TP53 mutations and hepatocellular carcinoma: insights into the etiology and pathogenesis of liver cancer.

2007

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and the major risk factors include chronic infections with the hepatitis B (HBV) or C (HCV) virus, and exposure to dietary aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) or alcohol consumption. Multiple genetic and epigenetic changes are involved in the molecular pathogenesis of HCC, for example, somatic mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene (TP53) and the activation of the WNT signal transduction pathway. AFB(1) frequently induces G:C to T:A transversions at the third base in codon 249 of TP53 and cooperates with HBV in causing p53 mutations in HCC. The detection of TP53 mutant DNA in plasma is a biomarker of both AFB(1) exposur…

A survey of mycotoxins in random street-vended snacks from Lagos, Nigeria, using QuEChERS-HPLC-MS/MS

2013

Abstract A survey in African snacks was carried out in order to evaluate the intake of 23 mycotoxins. The African snack samples were purchased from street vendors within Lagos metropolis (Nigeria) and evaluated for the presence of 23 mycotoxins using a modified QuEChERS procedure coupled with liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometer. The snacks included akara, baked coconut, coconut candy, donkwa, groundnut cake (kulikuli), lafun, milk curd (wara), fresh and dried tiger-nuts, and yam flour. Only three mycotoxins were detected in 23.8% of the studied snacks, and at concentrations ranging from 6 to 54 μg kg−1. The concentrations of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and AFB2…

Comparison and improvement of the existing methods for the determination of aflatoxins in human serum by LC-MS/MS

2010

Aflatoxins are toxic metabolites of some Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus and A. nomius strains that occur in many foods and feeds. Aflatoxin B1 is the most abundant and toxic member of the family, and it is also the most potent hepatocarcinogen known. In order to estimate the potential human health risk of aflatoxin B1, it is useful to measure its blood concentration. In this work a rapid liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 and its metabolites, aflatoxins M1 and M2 in human serum, is proposed. Small serum volumes have been used and the extracts have been obtained without any clean-up proce…

Optimization of Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion method for simultaneous extraction of aflatoxins and OTA in cereals and its application to commercial s…

2010

Abstract A method based on Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion (MSPD) has been developed for the determination of 5 mycotoxins (ochratoxin A and aflatoxins B and G) in different cereals. Several dispersants, eluents and ratios were tested during the optimization of the process in order to obtain the best results. Finally, samples were blended with C 18 and the mycotoxins were extracted with acetonitrile. Regarding to matrix effects, the results clearly demonstrated the necessity to use a matrix-matched calibration to validate the method. Analyses were performed by liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–QqQ-MS/MS). The recoveries of the extraction process ranged from …