Search results for "Aflatoxin"
showing 10 items of 122 documents
Multi‐Mycotoxin Analysis in Durum Wheat Pasta by Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Quadrupole Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry
2017
A simple and rapid multi‐mycotoxin method for the determination of 17 mycotoxins simultaneously is described in the present survey on durum and soft wheat pasta samples. Mycotoxins included in the study were those mainly reported in cereal samples: ochratoxin‐A (OTA), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZON), deoxynivalenol (DON), 3‐and 15‐acetyl‐deoxynivalenol (3‐AcDON and 15‐AcDON), nivalenol (NIV), neosolaniol (NEO), fusarenon‐X, (FUS‐X), T‐2 toxin (T‐2) and HT‐2 toxin (HT‐2), fumonisin B1 and B2 (FB1 and FB2), and four emerging mycotoxins: three enniatins (ENA, ENA1, and ENB), and beauvericin (BEA). Twenty‐nine samples were analyzed to provide an overview on mycotoxin presence: 27 samples…
Development of a new method for the simultaneous determination of 21 mycotoxins in coffee beverages by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
2015
Abstract A new method for the simultaneous detection of 21 mycotoxins (ochratoxin A, aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2, sterigmatocystin, nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyl deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol, diacetoxyscirpenol, neosolaniol, HT-2 toxin, T-2 toxin, fumonisin B1, fumonisin B2, enniatin A, enniatin A1, enniatin B, enniatin B1, and beauvericin) in coffee beverages was internally validated. The method is based on liquid/liquid extraction with a mixture of ethyl acetate/formic acid (95:5 v/v) and detection using triple quadrupole (QqQ) and ion trap (IT) liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.02…
Potential Application of Lactic Acid Bacteria to Reduce Aflatoxin B1 and Fumonisin B1 Occurrence on Corn Kernels and Corn Ears
2019
Fungal spoilage is an important issue for the food industry, leading to food sensory defects, food waste, economic losses and public health concern through the production of mycotoxins. Concomitantly, the search for safer natural products has gained importance since consumers began to look for less processed and chemically treated foods. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal and antimycotoxigenic effect of seven strains of Lactobacillus plantarum. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were grown on Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) broth at 37 º
Evaluation of gaseous allyl isothiocyanate against the growth of mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxin production in corn stored for 6 months
2018
Brazil produces approximately 63 million tons of corn kernels annually, which is commonly contaminated with fungi and mycotoxins. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of gaseous allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) to inhibit the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus and Fusarium verticillioides, and mycotoxin production (aflatoxins B1 , B2 , G1 and G2 , fumonisins B1 and B2 ) in corn during 180 days of storage.; Results: AITC at 50 µL L-1 resulted in a significant reduction of the fungal population (P < 0.05) after 180 days, decreasing 3.17 log(CFU g-1 ) and 3.9 log(CFU g-1 ) of A. parasiticus and F. verticillioides respectively in comparison with the control. In addition, 10 and 50…
Natural co-occurrence of mycotoxins in wheat grains from Italy and Syria
2014
This article describes the application of an analytical method for the detection of 25 mycotoxins in wheat grain based on simultaneous extraction using matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) followed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, a hybrid triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometer (QTrapÒ). Information Dependent Acquisition (IDA), an extra confirmation tool for samples that contain the target mycotoxins, was used. The analysis of 40 Syrian and 46 Italian wheat grain sam- ples interestingly showed that Syrian samples were mainly contaminated with ochratoxin A and aflatox- ins, whereas Italian samples with deoxynivalenol and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol. Emer…
Mycobiota and co-occurrence of mycotoxins in Capsicum powder
2011
This study aimed to: (1) determine the mycobiota of Capsicum powder samples, paying a special attention to the mycotoxigenic moulds; (2) evaluate the contamination levels of aflatoxins (AF), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON), T2 and HT2 toxins in those samples. Thirty-two samples were obtained through the methods of sampling established by the European Union legislation. Aspergillus and Eurotium were the most frequently found genera. Aspergillus section Nigri had the higher relative frequency in the samples, A. niger aggregate being the most representative group of this section. Other potentially mycotoxigenic Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium species were foun…
Study on mycotoxin contamination of maize kernels in Spain
2020
Abstract Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced mainly by fungal species belonging to the genera Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium and belong to the most relevant contaminants of food and feed. Cereals are the main source of mycotoxins in the diet. The most prominent mycotoxins are aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2), fumonisins B1 and B2 (FB1 and FB2), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON), 3- and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3- and 15-ADON), and T-2 and HT-2 toxins. Maximum levels allowed in food are very different depending on mycotoxin and food type, consumer susceptibility and current legislation in each country. Among cereals, maize a…
Comparison of the chemopreventive efficacies of garlic powders with different alliin contents against aflatoxin B1 carcinogenicity in rats
2004
Garlic (Allium sativum) is well known for its beneficial effects on health and particularly for its chemopreventive potential against cancer. The present study was designed to compare the chemopreventive efficacies of several garlic powders with various levels of alliin, a precursor of active sulfur compounds. For this purpose we used the medium-term hepatocarcinogenesis protocol (resistant hepatocyte model), which allows the detection of preneoplasic foci expressing the placental form of glutathione S-transferase (GST-P) as an end-point. Rats were fed diets containing three garlic powders (5% of the diet) with various alliin contents for 3 weeks. Garlic powders were obtained from bulbs gro…
Aflatoxins levels in dried fruits and nuts from Rabat-Salé area, Morocco
2008
Abstract The occurrence of aflatoxins (AFs) in dried fruits and nuts available in Rabat-Sale area (Morocco) was surveyed in this study. One hundred samples of dried fruits and nuts, purchased from retail shops and local markets from January to October 2006, were analyzed for AFs content by immunoaffinity (IAC) clean-up with liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection. Results showed that the incidences of total aflatoxins (AFT) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in peanut, dried raisins, dried figs, walnut, and pistachio were 5%, 20%, 30%, 30% and 45% and 5%, 20%, 5%, 30% and 45%, respectively. The highest contamination levels of AFB1 were found in one walnut sample (2500 μg/kg) and one pistachio…
Effect of some indole derivatives on xenobiotic metabolism and xenobiotic-induced toxicity in cultured rat liver slices.
1999
In this study the effect of some indole derivatives on xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and xenobiotic-induced toxicity has been examined in cultured precision-cut liver slices from male Sprague-Dawley rats. While treatment of rat liver slices for 72 hours with 2-200 microM of either indole-3-carbinol (I3C) or indole-3-acetonitrile (3-ICN) had little effect on cytochrome P-450 (CYP)-dependent enzyme activities, enzyme induction was observed after in vivo administration of I3C. The treatment of rat liver slices with 50 microM 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM; a dimer derived from I3C under acidic conditions) for 72 hours resulted in a marked induction of CYP-dependent enzyme activities. DIM appears…