Search results for "Aging"
showing 10 items of 10496 documents
Immunochemical faecal occult blood tests are superior to guaiac-based tests for the detection of colorectal neoplasms
2008
The aim of this study was to compare the performance of a guaiac-based faecal occult blood test (G-FOBT) with that of an immunochemical faecal occult blood test (I-FOBT). A total of 17,215 average risk individuals aged 50 to 74 enrolled in a population-based organised screening programme and performed a 3-day G-FOBT and a 2-day I-FOBT simultaneously. Among participants, 3.1% were found positive for the G-FOBT and 6.9% for the I-FOBT (p<10(-4)). Among the 1205 participants who tested positive and underwent a colonoscopy, the number of detected cancers and advanced adenomas was respectively 2.6 times higher and 3.5 times higher with the I-FOBT than with the G-FOBT. The positive predictive val…
Three-dimensional analysis of tumour vascular corrosion casts using stereoimaging and micro-computed tomography
2009
Objective: In order to perform effective translational research for cancer therapy, we need to employ preclinical models which reflect the clinical situation. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively compare the vascular architecture of human colorectal cancer and experimental tumour models to determine the suitability of animal models for vascular studies and antivascular therapy.Methods: In this study we investigated the three-dimensional properties of colonic tumour vasculature in both human clinical tissues (normal mucosa control [n = 20], carcinoma [n = 20] and adenoma In = 61) and murine colorectal xenografts (LS147T [n = 6] and SW1222 [n = 6]). Scanning Electron Microscope Ste…
The learning curve, accuracy, and interobserver agreement of endoscope-based confocal laser endomicroscopy for the differentiation of colorectal lesi…
2012
Background: The endoscope-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (eCLE) system allows in vivo imaging of colorectal epithelium. Little is known about the learning curve for accurate interpretation of confocal images acquired with eCLE. Objective: To determine the learning curve of eCLE, its diagnostic accuracy, and the intra- and interobserver agreement for the differentiation of colorectal lesions. Design: Post hoc assessment of selected eCLE images. Setting: Academic centers. Patients: This study involved colonoscopic images from 47 patients. Main Outcome Measurements: Learning curve of eCLE, accuracy, and intraobserver and interobserver agreement. Methods: Three endoscopists received a shor…
Standardized long-term follow-up after endoscopic resection of large, nonpedunculated colorectal lesions: a prospective two-center study.
2014
Endoscopic removal of large, nonpedunculated colorectal lesions is challenging. Long-term outcome data based on standardized protocols, including detailed inspection of the resection site, are scarce. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the safety and efficacy of endoscopic resection (ER) of large, nonpedunculated lesions (LNLs;20 mm) and to assess the long-term recurrence rate afterward.A total of 243 consecutive patients (141 men, 102 women) with 252 adenomas (20 mm) was followed up using a standardized protocol after complete ER. After endoscopic treatment, the patients received standardized follow-up examinations after 3-6 months and 12 months. The postpolypectomy scar was re…
Tissue characterization of benign brain tumors: Use of NMR-tissue parameters
1988
Abstract To evaluate the potentials of NMR tissue parameters for tissue characterization we investigated 68 patients with benign brain tumors. Tissue parameters were accurately measured by a recently developed interlaced triple sequence. Each individual tumor was characterized by a set of three numbers (relaxation times T 1 and T 2 and proton density Rho). Different tumors exhibited significant overlaps of the three tissue parameters. Therefore a reliable prediction of the histological diagnosis based on the quantitative analysis of tissue parameters alone was not possible. T 2 -prolongation correlated well with water content and “regressive changes” in meningiomas and neuromas.
Imaging features of adrenal masses
2019
Abstract The widespread use of imaging examinations has increased the detection of incidental adrenal lesions, which are mostly benign and non-functioning adenomas. The differentiation of a benign from a malignant adrenal mass can be crucial especially in oncology patients since it would greatly affect treatment and prognosis. In this setting, imaging plays a key role in the detection and characterization of adrenal lesions, with several imaging tools which can be employed by radiologists. A thorough knowledge of the imaging features of adrenal masses is essential to better characterize these lesions, avoiding a misinterpretation of imaging findings, which frequently overlap between benign …
Evolving endoscopic strategies for detection and treatment of neoplastic lesions in inflammatory bowel disease
2013
The paradigm for neoplasia surveillance in IBD is rapidly evolving with advancements in endoscopic imaging technology. Modern technology has demonstrated a remarkably improved capacity to detect and characterize subtle neoplastic lesions. As such, practices of obtaining interval random biopsy specimens to identify “invisible”neoplasia and of recommending total proctocolectomy for treatment of early neoplastic lesions are gradually being phased out. Further research is required to confirm the safety and effectiveness of endoscopic resection of more advanced neoplastic lesions, including DALMs and lesions bearing HG-IEN. Moving forward, studies evaluating CRC risk profiles in IBD patients wou…
Age affects myosin relaxation states in skeletal muscle fibers of female but not male mice
2018
The recent discovery that myosin has two distinct states in relaxed muscle–disordered relaxed (DRX) and super-relaxed (SRX)–provides another factor to consider in our fundamental understanding of the aging mechanism in skeletal muscle, since myosin is thought to be a potential contributor to dynapenia (age-associated loss of muscle strength independent of atrophy). The primary goal of this study was to determine the effects of age on DRX and SRX states and to examine their sex specificity. We have used quantitative fluorescence microscopy of the fluorescent nucleotide analog 2′/3′-O-(N-methylanthraniloyl) ATP (mantATP) to measure single-nucleotide turnover kinetics of myosin in skinned skel…
Physical activity and fat-free mass during growth and in later life.
2021
ABSTRACT Background Physical activity may be a way to increase and maintain fat-free mass (FFM) in later life, similar to the prevention of fractures by increasing peak bone mass. Objectives A study is presented of the association between FFM and physical activity in relation to age. Methods In a cross-sectional study, FFM was analyzed in relation to physical activity in a large participant group as compiled in the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water database. The database included 2000 participants, age 3–96 y, with measurements of total energy expenditure (TEE) and resting energy expenditure (REE) to allow calculation of physical activity level (PAL = TEE/REE), and cal…
3D in Suspension versus 2D in Adhesion: molecular profiles in stemness and mesenchymal differentiation of Spheroids from Adipose-derived Stem Cells
2021
Purpose: Adipose stem cells (ASCs) represent a reliable source of stem cells with a widely demonstrated potential in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications. New recent insights suggest that three-dimensional (3D) models may closely mimic the native tissue properties; spheroids from adipose derived stem cells (S-ASCs) exhibit enhanced regenerative abilities compared with those of 2D models. Stem cell therapy success is determined by “cell-quality”; for this reason, microRNA profiles, the involvement of stress signals and cellular aging need to be further investigated. Material and Methods: Adipose tissue was collected from healthy individuals, 44 females and 17 males, afte…