Search results for "Alzheimer Disease"
showing 10 items of 428 documents
Temporal dynamics of hippocampal neurogenesis in chronic neurodegeneration.
2014
Increased neurogenesis has been reported in neurodegenerative disease, but its significance is unclear. In a mouse model of prion disease, Gomez-Nicola et al. detect increased neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus that partially counteracts neuronal loss. Targeting neurogenesis may have therapeutic potential.
Alzheimer's disease: amyloid plaques in the cerebellum
1989
Two specific silver-staining methods demonstrating either extracellular amyloid and/or precursors of amyloid or intraneuronal neurofibrillary changes were used to examine cerebellar pathology in cases of presenile and senile dementia of the Alzheimer type, cases of Down's syndrome, and non-demented controls. The sensitivity of the techniques permitted visualization of large numbers of amyloid deposits in the cerebellar cortex of demented individuals. Similarly large numbers of amyloid deposits were not found in the cerebella of non-demented individuals. Neurofibrillary changes were absent. The majority of amyloid plaques occurred in the molecular layer. Quite a number of these displayed lar…
Isolated and Joint Effects of Tobacco and Alcohol Consumption on Risk of Alzheimer's Disease
2010
The roles of smoking and alcohol on the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain unclear. We performed a case-control study on the effects of both exposures before the age of onset of the disease in the cases (and same reference age for their age-matched controls) on disease risk. Interviews were conducted with population controls (n=246) and relatives of cases (n=176) identified through local Alzheimer's Disease Associations. Logistic regression models were built adjusting by gender, age, residence, education, economic situation, employment, and history of dementia in close relatives. Risk of AD was unaffected by any measure of tobacco consumption. Alcohol consumers showed a lower ri…
Familiarity-based recognition in the young, healthy elderly, mild cognitive impaired and Alzheimer's patients
2009
This study investigates the possible existence of deficits in familiarity in five samples of participants spanning a broad range of ages and cognitive states. Five groups of 16 participants with a diagnosis of multi-domain cognitive impairment with a slight or no deficit in memory, 16 multi-domain amnestic, and 16 Alzheimer's disease patients were compared in a recognition test with equivalent samples of old and young healthy participants. In one of the tests, participants studied words extracted from a restricted set of letters of the alphabet that were later mixed with new words from a different set. The unconscious use of the fluency produced by the repeated use of the set of letters was…
Working memory and everyday cognition in adults with Down's syndrome.
2001
A number of previous studies have suggested that young people with Down's syndrome (DS) have a specific deficit of the phonological loop component of the working memory. However, there have also been studies which have proposed a specific deficit of the central executive component of working memory and suggested similarities of working memory functioning with patients with Alzheimer's disease. Fifteen middle-aged people with DS were matched for their individual scores of non-verbal intelligence to 15 individuals with mixed aetiology of intellectual disability. A versatile range of tasks was used in order to evaluate the functioning of working memory components. In addition, several everyday…
Glycerophosphocholine is elevated in cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer patients.
2003
Experimental and clinical studies give evidence for breakdown of membrane phospholipids during neurodegeneration. In the present study, we measured the levels of glycerophosphocholine (GPCh), phosphocholine (PCh), and choline, that is, water-soluble metabolites of phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Among 30 cognitively normal patients the average CSF levels of GPCh, phosphocholine and choline were 3.64, 1.28, and 1.93 microM, respectively; metabolite levels did not change with increasing age. When compared with age-matched controls, patients with Alzheimer's disease had elevated levels of all choline metabolites: GPCh was significantly increased by 76% (P<0.01…
MRS SHOWS ABNORMALITIES BEFORE SYMPTOMS IN FAMILIAL ALZHEIMER DISEASE
2006
Background: Pathologic change in Alzheimer disease (AD) begins some years before symptoms. MRS has the potential to detect metabolic abnormalities reflecting this early pathologic change. Presenilin 1 (PS1) and amyloid precursor protein (APP) mutation carriers have a nearly 100% risk of developing AD and may be studied prior to symptom onset. Methods: Short echo time proton MR spectra were acquired from a midline posterior cingulate voxel in presymptomatic carriers of PS1 or APP mutations (“presymptomatic mutation carriers” [PMCs]; n = 7) and age- and sex-matched control subjects (n = 6). Ratios of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), myo-inositol (MI), and choline-containing compounds (Cho) to creati…
Volatile organic compounds fingerprint of Alzheimer’s disease.
2015
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a profoundly life changing condition and once diagnosis occurs, this is typically at a relatively late stage into the disease process. Therefore, a shift to earlier diagnosis, which means several decades before the onset of the typical manifestation of the disease, will be an important step forward for the patient. A promising diagnostic and screening tool to answer this purpose is represented by breath and exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) analysis. In fact, human exhaled breath contains several thousand of VOCs that vary in abundance and number in correlation with the physiological status. The exhaled VOCs reflect the metabolism, including the neuronal …
Double Negative (CD19+IgG+IgD-CD27-) B Lymphocytes: A New Insight from Telomerase in Healthy Elderly, in Centenarian Offspring, and in Alzheimer’s Di…
2014
Background: We have previously reported the increase of IgD-CD27- (Double Negative, DN) B cell population in the aged. These memory B cells have short telomeres and poor abilities to proliferate in vitro. Here, we investigated whether the low ability of DN B cells to proliferate depends on the expression levels of the CD307d and CD22 inhibitory receptors or whether DN B cells can proliferate and reactivate telomerase by the engagement of both innate and adaptive immune receptors. Methods: Phenotypic analyses were made by using flow cytometry. Quantitative analysis of telomerase activity was made by using a TRAP and a photometric enzyme immunoassay in young, healthy elderly, centenarian offs…
Gaussian Mixture Models and Model Selection for [18F] Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Classification in Alzheimer’s Disease
2015
We present a method to discover discriminative brain metabolism patterns in [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) scans, facilitating the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. In the work, the term "pattern" stands for a certain brain region that characterizes a target group of patients and can be used for a classification as well as interpretation purposes. Thus, it can be understood as a so-called "region of interest (ROI)". In the literature, an ROI is often found by a given brain atlas that defines a number of brain regions, which corresponds to an anatomical approach. The present work introduces a semi-data-driven approach that is based on learning the charac…