Search results for "Angiotensin"

Conceptos nuevos sobre el sistema renina angiotensina

2010

In recent years, new components of the renin-angiotensin system have been described. Five new polypeptides with their synthesis routes and the enzymes involved in their synthesis have been identified. Receptors for angiotensin 1–7, angiotensin IV and renin have also been described. The knowledge of local renin-angiotensin systems has been extended with the discovery of the intracellular systems. Mutations and polymorphisms in the genes of the different components of the renin-angiotensin system have been described. These could be involved in the development of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. In addition, aliskiren, the first component of the new group of renin direct inhibitors, ha…

AT1 Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in relation to Postprandial Lipemia

2011

Background. Recent data suggest that the renin-angiotensin system may be involved in triglyceride (TG) metabolism. We explored the effect of the common A1166C and C573T polymorphisms of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) gene on postprandial lipemia.Methods. Eighty-two subjects measured daytime capillary TG, and postprandial lipemia was estimated as incremental area under the TG curve. The C573T and A1166C polymorphisms of the AT1R gene were determined.Results. Postprandial lipemia was significantly higher in homozygous carriers of the 1166-C allele (9.39±8.36 mM*h/L) compared to homozygous carriers of the 1166-A allele (2.02±6.20 mM*h/L) (P<0.05). Postprandial lipemia was similar…

Experiences with Blockade of the Renin System in Human Hypertension Using Converting Enzyme Inhibitor SQ 20,881 and Saralasin

1980

The development of agents which are capable of producing in vivo angiotensin II blockade has provided to investigators and clinicians alike the opportunity to determine and to quantify the extent to which the renin-angiotensin system participates in the maintenance of hypertensive states. High levels of plasma renin activity relative to the state of sodium balance have been documented in patients with malignant, surgically remediable renovascular hypertension and also in some patients with essential hypertension.1 The recent development of the angiotensin II analogue sar1-ala8-angiotensin II (saralasin) provided evidence to support the concept that these elevated renin levels are in fact pa…

Hereditary angioedema type III, angioedema associated with angiotensin II receptor antagonists, and female sex

2004

Comparative effectiveness of an angiotensin receptor blocker, olmesartan medoxomil, in older hypertensive patients

2018

The efficacy and safety of olmesartan medoxomil (OM) vs active control (AC) monotherapy among elderly patients aged 60‐79 years (N = 4487) was evaluated by meta‐analysis (25 studies). In all patients, change from baseline to end point in blood pressure (BP) was significantly greater with OM vs AC (−19.5/−11.9 vs −16.8/−10.7 mm Hg). Greater proportions of OM‐ vs AC‐treated patients achieved BP goals. In patients with impaired renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2)), OM treatment resulted in a greater mean change from baseline in systolic BP vs AC (−21.2 vs −18.7 mm Hg, respectively) and a greater proportion of patients achieving BP goals. These parameters w…

Neprilysin inhibition, endorphin dynamics, and early symptomatic improvement in heart failure: a pilot study

2020

Altres ajuts: This work was supported in part by Fundació La Marató de TV3 (201516-10, 201502-30), Societat Catalana de Cardiologia, "la Caixa" Banking Foundation. Altres ajuts: PERIS/SLT002-16-00234 Sacubitril/valsartan is a first-in-class angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor developed for the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Its benefits are achieved through the inhibition of neprilysin (NEP) and the specific blockade of the angiotensin receptor AT1. The many peptides metabolized by NEP suggest multifaceted potential consequences of its inhibition. We sought to evaluate the short-term changes in serum endorphin (EP) values and their relation with patients' p…

The normal circadian pattern of blood pressure: implications for treatment

2004

Blood pressure fluctuates over 24 h following a circadian rhythm that reaches a peak in the morning shortly after awakening. The onset of many acute cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events shows a synchronous cyclical pattern, with the highest incidence of morbidity and mortality in the early morning hours. Strong, although circumstantial, evidence suggests that the early morning surge in blood pressure may contribute to the onset of acute cardiovascular episodes. Sustained blood pressure control that blunts the early morning blood pressure surge may help to reduce the incidence of these events. Antihypertensive agents are needed that provide smooth and sustained blood pressure control fo…

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 and Antihypertensives (Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors) in Coronavirus Dis…

2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is being defined as the worst pandemic disease of modern times. Several professional health organizations have published position papers stating that there is no evidence to change the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in the management of elevated blood pressure in the context of avoiding or treating COVID-19 infection. In this article, we review the evidence on the relationship between the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and COVID-19 infection. In agreement with current guidelines, patients with hypertension should continue taki…

Reduced serum protease activity in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: The impact of angiotensin-converting enzyme and carboxypeptidases.

2021

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) occurs in about 2% of patients after fracture of the limbs. In an earlier clinical study with 102 probands we have shown that the serum protease network in CRPS might be less effective. Based on these results we hypothesized that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and carboxypeptidase N (CPN) activity contribute to the differences of labeled bradykinin (DBK) degradation by patients' sera. Details of the enzymatic processes remained however unclear. The contributions of ACE and CPN in the serum degradation of DBK were studied using specific inhibitors. CPN1-ELISA was performed in serum. It was confirmed that the majority of DBK was degraded by ACE and C…

Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction: therapeutic implications.

2011

In a previous issue of Annals of Medicine, we presented evidence in support of the concept that an abnormally increased production of reactive oxygen species plays a central role in the genesis and progression of cardiovascular disease. While a number of preclinical lines of evidence support this concept, and despite the results of many studies suggesting a beneficial impact of antioxidant drugs on endothelial function, large clinical trials have failed to demonstrate a benefit of antioxidants on cardiovascular outcomes. Studies exploring the possibility that classical antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, or folic acid may improve the prognosis of patients with cardiac disea…