Search results for "Anxiety."

Continuity and discontinuity in memory for threat.

2016

Using a paradigm that allows a quasi-continuous tracking of memory performance over time, two experiments were designed to test the hypotheses that (a) persons with a cognitively avoidant style of coping with threat manifest a dissociation between (intact) short-term and (reduced) long-term retrieval of aversive information and (b) persons with a vigilant coping style recall aversive information particularly well after long retention intervals, provided they are free to think about aversive events. Study 1 (N = 75) showed that avoiders manifest a poor memory for aversive pictures after long retention intervals only. Study 2 (N = 95) replicated this finding. In addition, manipulation of the …

Factors Related to Women’s Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from a Two-Wave Longitudinal Study

2021

Background. A growing body of research has highlighted the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on women’s mental health. Previous studies showed that women have higher levels of depression, anxiety and PTSD, and worse psychological adjustment than men, which also persisted after the earlier phase of the pandemic. This study aimed to evaluate changes in women’s psychological distress during the pandemic and to evaluate the factors that have a more significant impact in predicting women’s psychological distress. Methods. This two-wave longitudinal study (T1 = Italian first lockdown, and T2 = second phase, when the restrictive measures were eased) involved 893 women (Mage = 36.45, SD = 1…

Effects of structured patient education in adults with atopic dermatitis: Multicenter randomized controlled trial

2016

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing skin disease prevalent in 1% to 3% of adults in Western industrialized countries. Objective: We sought to investigate the effectiveness of educational training in an outpatient setting on coping with the disease, quality of life, symptoms, and severity in adults with AD. Methods: In this German prospective, randomized controlled multicenter study, adult patients with moderate-to-severe AD were educated by referring to a comprehensive 12-hour training manual consented by a multiprofessional study group from different centers (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Neurodermitisschulung fur Erwachsene [ARNE]). Patients were randomly allocated to the inte…

Emotional Factors and Subjective Quality of Life in Subjects with Spinal Cord Injuries

2002

Benony H, Daloz L, Bungener C, Chahraoui K, Frenay C, Auvin J: Emotional factors and subjective quality of life in subjects with spinal cord injuries. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2002;81:437- 445. Objective: To compare depression, subjective perception of quality of life, and social support in patients with spinal cord injuries 4 yr or more after trauma vs. controls. Design: The Rorschach inkblot method, the Diagnostic Interview Schedule Self-Administered, the Progressive Matrix 38, the Social Support Appraisals, and the Subjective Quality of Life Profile were used to assess 33 patients with spinal cord injuries and 33 matched controls. Results: No significant difference was observed for levels o…

Long-term cost-effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy versus psychodynamic therapy in social anxiety disorder.

2015

Background To determine the cost-effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus psychodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of social anxiety disorder after a follow-up of 30 months from a societal perspective. Methods This analysis was conducted alongside the multicenter SOPHO-NET trial; adults with a primary diagnosis of social anxiety disorder received CBT (n = 209) or PDT (n = 207). Data on health care utilization and productivity loss were collected at baseline, after 6 months (posttreatment), and three further follow-ups to calculate direct and indirect costs. Anxiety-free days (AFDs) calculated based on remission and response were used as measure of effect. The increment…

Relationship between sedentary behavior and depression: a mediation analysis of influential factors across the lifespan among 42,469 people in low- a…

2018

Abstract Background Sedentary behavior (SB) is associated with diabetes, cardiovascular disease and low mood. There is a paucity of multi-national research investigating SB and depression, particularly among low- and middle-income countries. This study investigated the association between SB and depression, and factors which influence this. Methods Cross-sectional data were analyzed from the World Health Organization's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health. Depression was based on the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. The association between depression and SB (self-report) was estimated by multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses. Mediation analysis was used to id…

Masculine Gender Role Stress

2003

Eisler and Blalock (Clin. Psychol. Rev. 11 (1991) 45) developed a cognitively mediated notion of Masculine Gender Role Stress (MGRS) which assumes that rigid commitment to masculine schemata for appraisal and coping with life's problems may both produce stress and result in dysfunctional coping patterns in men. Previous findings obtained in a non-clinical sample pointed to the ability of the MGRS General scale to predict different forms of irrational fears. Using a predominantly psychologically distressed sample, the present study replicated this finding. In addition, different subordinate concepts of MGRS (Physical inadequacy, Emotional inexpressiveness, Subordination to women, Intellectua…

Reliability of DSM-III Anxiety Disorders - Check-List Versus Structured Interview

1988

Recovery from depressive symptoms, state anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder in women exposed to physical and psychological, but not to psycho…

2010

Abstract Background It is well established that intimate male partner violence (IPV) has a high impact on women's mental health. It is necessary to further investigate this impact longitudinally to assess the factors that contribute to its recovery or deterioration. The objective of this study was to assess the course of depressive, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and suicidal behavior over a three-year follow-up in female victims of IPV. Methods Women (n = 91) who participated in our previous cross-sectional study, and who had been either physically/psychologically (n = 33) or psychologically abused (n = 23) by their male partners, were evaluated three years late…

Dopamine-modulated aversive emotion processing fails in alcohol-dependent patients.

2013

Negative mood states after alco- hol detoxifi cation may enhance the relapse risk. As recently shown in healthy volunteers, dopamine storage capacity ( V d ) in the left amy- gdala was positively correlated with functional activation in the left amygdala and anterior cin- gulate cortex (ACC) during an emotional task; high functional connectivity between the amy- gdala and the ACC, a region important for emo- tion regulation, was associated with low trait anxiety. Based on these fi ndings, we now tested whether detoxifi ed alcohol-dependent patients have a disrupted modulation of the anterior cin- gulate cortex activation in response to aversive stimuli by amygdala dopamine. Furthermore, we …