Search results for "Apoptosi"

Aloe-emodin's cytotoxicity against CCRF-CEM cells: NF-κB as a major player induces apoptosis

2017

WRN protects against topo I but not topo II inhibitors by preventing DNA break formation

2008

The Werner syndrome helicase/3′-exonuclease (WRN) is a major component of the DNA repair and replication machinery. To analyze whether WRN is involved in the repair of topoisomerase-induced DNA damage we utilized U2-OS cells, in which WRN is stably down-regulated (wrn-kd), and the corresponding wild-type cells (wrn-wt). We show that cells not expressing WRN are hypersensitive to the toxic effect of the topoisomerase I inhibitor topotecan, but not to the topoisomerase II inhibitor etoposide. This was shown by mass survival assays, colony formation and induction of apoptosis. Upon topotecan treatment WRN deficient cells showed enhanced DNA replication inhibition and S-phase arrest, whereas af…

In human cumulus cells, the apoptotic rate may be considered an indicator for the selection of embryos to improve ongoing pregnancy and implantation …

2014

In order to identify the embryos with higher implantation potential to increase the clinical outcomes after ICSI, the apoptotic rate in human cumulus cells for the embryo selection on day 3, as an adjunct to morphology evaluation, could be considered a new tool compared with embryo selection by morphology alone. Several studies have demonstrated a lower cumulus cell apoptotic rate in women who achieved pregnancy compared with women who did not become pregnant after ICSI. A prospective randomized observational study on 76 ICSI patients was performed before Ovum Pick-Up. Patients were randomized into either the control group (embryo selection by morphology only, A group: 48 patients) or the t…

Expression of IAPs (Inhibitory of Apoptosis Proteins) and of their alternative splice variants in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and cells

2004

IAPs (inhibitors of apoptosis proteins) might have a major role in the apoptotic resistance that marks many cancers. The studies on IAPs in human HCC have focused on survivin or XIAP, indicating that their new or increased expression in this tumor is associated with a more unfavorable prognosis. The present results corroborate these findings, emphasizing the role that the coordinated expression of different IAPs and alternative splice variants might play in the adverse biology of hepatocellular carcinoma.

A role for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in resveratrol-induced colon cancer cell apoptosis.

2014

Scope Resveratrol may function as a chemopreventive agent. A recent clinical study demonstrates a reduction in tumor cell proliferation in colorectal patients receiving repeated oral ingestion of resveratrol. However, gaps remain in our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms by which resveratrol exerts its chemopreventive effect. We have previously demonstrated that resveratrol induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells and that resveratrol can sensitize chemoresistant colon cancer cells to various drugs. Based on its ability to activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in colon cancer cells, we sought to determine the implication of this nuclear transcription factor in …

Extracellular heat shock proteins in cancer: From early diagnosis to new therapeutic approach

2021

In cancer, human cells lose the ability to properly control the series of events that occur constantly during cell growth and division, including protein expression, stability, and dynamics. Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are key molecules in these events, constitutively expressed at high levels and could furthermore be induced by the response to cancer-induced stress. In tumor cells, Hsps have been shown to be implicated in the regulation of apoptosis, immune responses, angiogenesis and metastasis; in some cases, they can be overexpressed and dysregulated, representing important cancer hallmarks. In the past few years, it has been demonstrated that Hsps can be released by tumor cells through s…

Annexin-1 downregulation in thyroid cancer correlates to the degree of tumour differentiation

2006

We investigated the expression of annexin-1 (ANXA1) in thyroid carcinoma cell lines and in thyroid cancers with a different degree of differentiation. The highest level of ANXA1 expression examined by Western blotting was detected in the papillary carcinoma cells (NPA) and in the follicular cells (WRO). On the other hand, the most undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma cells (ARO and FRO) presented the lowest level of ANXA1 expression. In surgical tissue specimens from 32 patients with thyroid cancers, we found high immunoreactivity for ANXA1 in papillary (PTC) and follicular (FTC) thyroid cancers while in undifferentiated thyroid cancers (UTC) the expression of the protein was barely detectabl…

RASSF1A inhibits estrogen receptor alpha expression and estrogen-independent signalling: implications for breast cancer development

2012

The Ras association domain family 1 isoform A (RASSF1A) is a tumor suppressor whose inactivation is implicated in the development of many human cancers, including breast carcinomas. Little is known about the tumor-suppressive function of RASSF1A in breast tissue and whether its inactivation is mechanistically involved in the initiation and progression of breast tumors. Here, we show that RASSF1A inhibits breast cancer growth in vivo, and suppresses estrogen receptor (ERα) expression and function. Reconstitution of RASSF1A in MCF7 cells led to decreased ERα levels and reduced sensitivity to estrogen (E2). Concomitantly, we observed decreased expression of Id1 as well as the E2-responsive gen…

Sterigmatocystin: Occurrence, toxicity and molecular mechanisms of action – A review

2020

The mycotoxin sterigmatocystin (STE) is produced mainly by Aspergillus fungi. It has been reported to occur in grains and grain-based products, cheese, coffee, spices and beer. The STE is a known biogenic precursor of aflatoxin B1, sharing with it several structural and biological similarities. The STE has been shown to be hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic in animals and it has been classified as possible human carcinogen (group 2B) by IARC. The STE has been reported to cause a marked decrease in cell proliferation in different mammalian cells. Data available on literature suggest that the cellular mechanisms underlying STE-induced toxicity include the induction of oxidative stress, mitochondrial…

Development of an in vitro neuroblastoma 3D model and its application for sterigmatocystin-induced cytotoxicity testing

2021

Abstract Given the increasing importance of establishing better risk assessments for mycotoxins, novel in vitro tools for the evaluation of their toxicity are mandatory. In this study, an in vitro 3D spheroid model from SH-SY5Y cells, a human neuroblastoma cell line, was developed, optimized and characterized to test the cytotoxic effects caused by the mycotoxin sterigmatocystin (STE). STE induced a concentration- and time-dependent cell viability decrease in spheroids. Spheroids displayed cell disaggregation after STE exposure, increasing in a dose-dependent manner and over time. STE also induced apoptosis as confirmed by immunofluorescence staining and Western blot. Following the decrease…