Search results for "Automobile"
showing 10 items of 257 documents
La dépendance automobile pour l’accès des ménages aux services : Le cas de la grande couronne francilienne
2007
The automobile dependence raises the question of social economic standard in mobility. In the outer suburbs of Paris, the automobile is the key element that determines the location of general services and the access of households to those services. Yet, this appreciation must be moderated according to territories and populations. Some territories depend less on the automobile, and part of households have developed an alternative system of mobility that partially compensates the absence or the low access to automobile equipment. If non motorized households remain socially marginalized because of the automobile dependence, the motorized households are not free from this risk either. Our obser…
Maximum exposure levels for xylene, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in cars.
2004
Although millions of individuals are exposed to emissions from articles inside cars, relatively little has been published about possible adverse health effects and about exposure levels that can be considered safe or "acceptable". Xylene, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde represent typical examples of relevant volatile organic substances (VOC) released from articles inside cars. Recently, a concept for derivation of maximum exposure levels for volatile organic substances in cars has been published. In the present study we applied this concept to derive maximum exposure levels for xylene, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde and compared the resulting concentrations to exposure levels usually found ins…
Introduction. Penser les infrastructures des mondes automobiles : autodromes et circuits
2022
Circuits et courses automobiles dans la France du Nord : « le territoire du vide » ? (XIXe-XXIe siècle)
2022
L’histoire des circuits automobiles dans le Nord de la France s’apparente à ce jour à un « territoire du vide ». Une historiographie peu conséquente, des corpus archivistiques incertains, une distribution « historique » des pratiques et du spectacle sportif régional qui repose encore largement sur les « sports de base » et les sports collectifs, rendent ces « mondes automobiles » peu visibles. Il s’agira ici, à partir d’une approche spatiale, d’en retracer la genèse et d’inscrire leur développement ainsi que leurs usages dans une temporalité étirée (XIXe-XXIe siècles).
Col : A Data Collection Protocol for Vanet
2012
International audience; In this paper, we present a protocol to collect data within a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). In spite of the intrinsic dynamic of such network, our protocol simultaneously offers three relevant properties: (1) It allows any vehicle to collect data beyond its direct neighborhood (i.e., vehicles within direct communication range) using vehicle-to-vehicle communications only (i.e., the infrastructure is not required); (2) It tolerates possible network partitions; (3) It works on demand and stops when the data collection is achieved. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first collect protocol having these three characteristics. All that is chiefly obtained thanks…
The Key Concepts of Ethics of Artificial Intelligence
2018
The growing influence and decision-making capacities of Autonomous systems and Artificial Intelligence in our lives force us to consider the values embedded in these systems. But how ethics should be implemented into these systems? In this study, the solution is seen on philosophical conceptualization as a framework to form practical implementation model for ethics of AI. To take the first steps on conceptualization main concepts used on the field needs to be identified. A keyword based Systematic Mapping Study (SMS) on the keywords used in AI and ethics was conducted to help in identifying, defying and comparing main concepts used in current AI ethics discourse. Out of 1062 papers retrieve…
Efficient Power Allocation for Multi-Cell Uplink NOMA Network
2019
Digital technologies are rapidly shaping the modern concepts of urbanization. It is a key element of developing practical smart cities of the future. In fact, they are the catalyst for the increasing networking of all areas of life in a smart city. Recent development in the domain of communication technologies has opened new avenues to realize the concept of smart cities. One of such communication technology is non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) for future cellular communications. This article, therefore, focuses on the interference management of uplink cellular NOMA systems. Specifically, we propose a power optimization technique for NOMA to improve the sum-rate in a multi-cell environm…
Collaborative Mobile Clouds: An Energy Efficient Paradigm for Content Sharing
2018
On the way toward enabling efficient content distribution, reducing energy consumption and prolonging battery life of mobile equipment, an emerging paradigm, i.e., mobile cloud, which is based on content distribution, was proposed. As a mobile platform that is oriented toward content distribution, mobile cloud is also foreseen as an energy-efficient solution for future wireless networks. The benefits of using CMC for content distribution or distributed computing from social networking perspectives have been studied earlier. In this article, we first present the concepts of CMC and then discuss the energy-efficiency benefits from the system-level point-of-view as well as open challenges in d…
Service Provisioning and User Association for Heterogeneous Wireless Railway Networks
2017
In addition to comforting passengers' journey, the modern railway system is responsible to support a variety of on-board Internet services to meet the passenger's demands on seamless service provisioning. In order to provide wireless access to the train, one idea attracting increasing attention is to deploy a series of track-side access points (TAPs) with high-speed data rates along the rail lines dedicated to the broadband mobile service provisioning on board. Due to the heavy data traffic flushing into the base stations (BSs) of the cellular networks, TAPs act as a complement to the BSs in data delivery. In this paper, we focus on the TAP association problem for service provisioning in a …
Les populations périurbaines face à l'automobile en grande couronne francilienne
2007
The present article is attempting to identify if the automobile, which took part in development of periurban spaces but which causes strong disparities of mobility between households, according to their incomes and of their age, leads to exclude an increasing part of the population in this spaces. We looked more closely into not-motorized population but also motorized households, of modest income or older age, for which cost or physical requirements of automobile mobility are too high. Our results show that number of not-motorized households, most strongly marginalized, decrease in particular in periurban territories most dependent on car, in spite high level of unemployment and ageing of p…