Search results for "Azote"
showing 10 items of 91 documents
Le monoxyde d'azote (NO) chez les plantes. Un messager cellulaire impliqué dans la signalisation des réponses de défense - l'exemple du modèle N. tab…
2012
Nitric oxide (NO) in plants, a cell signalling messenger involved in plant defense. The case study of the N. tabacum / cryptogein model
2013
Communication vers les professionnels SPE IPM CT non renseigné car non soutenu par INRA
Quantification des flux d’azote induits par les cultures de légumineuses et étude des traits explicatifs
2016
National audience; Dans le contexte de la transition agroécologique en faveur de systèmes de culture plus économes en intrants azotés, la réintroduction des légumineuses a un rôle majeur à jouer pour atteindre la durabilité de ces systèmes. Peu de références sont actuellement disponibles sur les intérêts agronomiques et écologiques des différentes espèces, notamment à l’échelle de la rotation. Dans ce cadre, notre objectif général consiste à mieux quantifier les flux d’azote impliqués au cours et après culture de légumineuses, et ce pour une gamme élargie d’espèces. Notre travail expérimental portera donc sur la caractérisation des flux d’azote induits dans le sol et dans les cultures de lé…
Atténuation des émissions par les sols du gaz à effet de serre N2O, grâce à l’utilisation d’additifs ou de microorganismes, tous d’origine naturelle
2021
National audience; Les sols agricoles sont la principale source du gaz à effet de serre (GES) N2O (protoxyded’azote). D’un point de vue environnemental ce gaz est impliqué à la fois dans l’effet de serreadditionnel et la destruction de la couche d’ozone stratosphérique. Le pouvoir de réchauffementglobal (PRG) du N2O sur une durée de 100 ans est 265 fois supérieur à celui du dioxyde decarbone (CO2). La durée de vie du protoxyde d’azote dans l’atmosphère est d’environ 120 ans.Ainsi, il apparait comme le 3ème gaz participant au réchauffement climatique d’origineanthropique, après le CO2 et le CH4. Les sols peuvent fonctionner comme source mais aussicomme puits de N2O, par l’intermédiaire de mé…
Typology of exogenous organic matters based on chemical and biochemical composition to predict potential nitrogen mineralization
2010
Our aim was to develop a typology predicting potential N availability of exogenous organic matters (EOMs) in soil based on their chemical characteristics. A database of 273 EOMs was constructed including analytical data of biochemical fractionation, organic C and N, and results of N mineralization during incubation of soil–EOM mixtures in controlled conditions. Multiple factor analysis and hierarchical classification were performed to gather EOMs with similar composition and N mineralization behavior. A typology was then defined using composition criteria to predict potential N mineralization. Six classes of EOM potential N mineralization in soil were defined, from high potential N minerali…
Impacts of Integrated Weed management in cropping systems on N2O emissions from soils
2014
International audience
Characterization and role of nitric oxide production in Arabidopsis thaliana defense responses induced by oligogalacturonides
2011
Nitric oxide (NO) regulates a wide range of plant processes from development toenvironmental adaptation. In this study, NO production and its effects were investigated in aplant-pathogen context. The production of NO following Arabidopsis treatment witholigogalacturonides (OGs), an endogenous elicitor of plant defense, was assessed using the NOsensitive probe 4, 5-diamino fluorescein diacetate. Pharmacological and genetic approaches wereused to analyze NO enzymatic sources and its role in the Arabidopsis thaliana /Botrytis cinereainteraction. We showed that NO production involves both a L-arginine- and a nitrate reductase(NR)-pathways. OGs-induced NO production was Ca2+-dependent and modula…
Study of nitrogen requirements of non-Saccharomyces yeasts during winemaking : impact on sequential fermentations
2019
Study of the interaction between the non-Saccharomyces yeast and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This study aims to describe changes in the flavor profile of the wine on one hand and reducing percentage of alcohol on the other hand. For this, control of non-Saccharomyces yeast is required. Thus, the main aromatic molecules must be measured according to the conditions of cultures (pure culture - sequential culture) and their effects on the organoleptic properties will be evaluated. In parallel, their sugar, nitrogen, oxygen and vitamins requirements will be determined to decrease the percentage of alcohol in the wine.
Ecology of N2O reducing bacteria in arable soils
2016
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas (GHG) and the main ozone depleting substance. Agricultural soils are the main anthropogenic-induced source of this GHG. The concentration of N2O in the atmosphere is steadily increasing, but we still lack knowledge on the factors controlling its production and consumption in soils. The reduction of N2O to N2 by microorganisms harboring the N2O reductase gene (nosZ) is the only known biological process able to consume this GHG. Recent studies revealed a previously unknown clade of N2O-reducers which was shown to be important to the N2O sink capacity of soils. This thesis seeks to gain a greater understanding on the ecology of N2O-reducers in…
A priori parameterisation of the CERES soil-crop models and tests against several European data sets
2002
Mechanistic soil-crop models have become indispensable tools to investigate the effect of management practices on the productivity or environmental impacts of arable crops. Ideally these models may claim to be universally applicable because they simulate the major processes governing the fate of inputs such as fertiliser nitrogen or pesticides. However, because they deal with complex systems and uncertain phenomena, site-specific calibration is usually a prerequisite to ensure their predictions are realistic. This statement implies that some experimental knowledge on the system to be simulated should be available prior to any modelling attempt, and raises a tremendous limitation to practica…