Search results for "BES"
showing 10 items of 3692 documents
Nukleofīlu un aizejošo grupu izpēte katalizētās alilaizvietošanas reakcijās
2015
Nukleofīlu un aizejošo grupu izpēte katalizētās alilaizvietošanas reakcijās. Salun P., zinātniskais vadītājs Dr. ķīm. Jirgensons A. Maģistra darbs, 89 lappuses, 56 attēli, 15 tabulas, 37 literatūras avoti. Latviešu valodā. Darbs ir veikts, lai pētītu iekšmolekulāru alilaizvietošanas reakciju un izstrādātu imidātu iegūšanu ar dažādām iespējāmām aizejošajām grupām.
Ogļskābes anhidrāzes XII izoformas strukturālie pētījumi
2017
Ogļskābes anhidrāzes katalizē dzīvajos organismos būtisko bikarbonāta un ogļskābās gāzes savstarpējo atgriezenisko reakciju. Cilvēka organismā ir vairākas ogļskābes anhidrāžu izoformas, un dažu izoformu katalītiskā darbība ir nevēlama. Viena no šīm izoformām, ogļskābes anhidrāzes XII izoforma, saistīta ar vairāku ļaundabīgu audzēju attīstību. Maģistra darba iztrādē tika vairākkārtīgi uzlabota ogļskābes anhidrāzes XII izoformas ekspresijas un attīrīšanas sistēma un iegūtas vairākas ar ligandu saistītas ogļskābes anhidrāzes XII izoformas struktūras. Ar proteīnu rentgenstaru kristalogrāfijas palīdzību tika identificētas dažādu inhibitoru konformācijas ogļskābes anhidrāzes XII izoformas aktīvaj…
Obesity alters the gustatory perception of lipids in the mouse: plausible involvement of lingual CD36. : Obesity decreases the fat preference
2013
International audience; A relationship between orosensory detection of dietary lipids, regulation of fat intake, and body mass index was recently suggested. However, involved mechanisms are poorly understood. Moreover, whether obesity can directly modulate preference for fatty foods remains unknown. To address this question, exploration of the oral lipid sensing system was undertaken in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. By using a combination of biochemical, physiological, and behavioral approaches, we found that i) the attraction for lipids is decreased in obese mice, ii) this behavioral change has an orosensory origin, iii) it is reversed in calorie-restricted DIO mice, revealing an inverse …
The rs1527483, but not rs3212018, CD36 polymorphism associates with linoleic acid detection and obesity in Czech young adults
2018
AbstractRecent evidence has raised the possibility of the existence of a sixth taste modality – that is, taste for fat – which is mediated by lingual CD36 and plays a role in obesity. Consequently, the genetic polymorphism of CD36 has been shown to be associated with altered oro-sensory detection of dietary lipids. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between oro-sensory perception of linoleic acid (LA), two CD36 polymorphisms (rs1527483 and rs3212018), obesity parameters and craving habits for dietary lipids in young Czech adults. We also sequenced 5 and 6 exons of CD36 to trace out any new mutation that might be responsible for the difference in taste perception. We obse…
Oro-gustatory perception of dietary lipids and calcium signaling in taste bud cells are altered in nutritionally obesity-prone Psammomys obesus.
2013
Since the increasing prevalence of obesity is one of the major health problems of the modern era, understanding the mechanisms of oro-gustatory detection of dietary fat is critical for the prevention and treatment of obesity. We have conducted the present study on Psammomys obesus, the rodent desert gerbil which is a unique polygenic natural animal model of obesity. Our results show that obese animals exhibit a strong preference for lipid solutions in a two-bottle test. Interestingly, the expression of CD36, a lipido-receptor, in taste buds cells (TBC), isolated from circumvallate papillae, was decreased at mRNA level, but remained unaltered at protein level, in obese animals. We further st…
The Lipid-Sensor Candidates CD36 and GPR120 Are Differentially Regulated by Dietary Lipids in Mouse Taste Buds: Impact on Spontaneous Fat Preference
2011
BACKGROUND: Recent studies in rodents and humans suggest that the chemoreception of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) in oral cavity is involved in the spontaneous preference for fatty foods and might contribute to the obesity risk. CD36 and GPR120 are LCFA receptors identified in rodent taste bud cells. The fact that CD36 or GPR120 gene inactivation leads to a decrease in the preference for lipids raises the question of the respective role(s) played by these gustatory lipid-sensor candidates. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Using a combination of biochemical, nutritional and behavioural studies in wild-type, CD36(+/-)and CD36(-/-) mice, it was found that: 1°) CD36 and GPR120 display different …
CD36 AA genotype is associated with decreased lipid taste perception in young obese, but not lean, children.
2015
Obesity is an alarming threat for all age groups, including children. Fat overconsumption is one of the factors that directly influences this pathology. Recent studies have suggested that a common variant in the CD36 gene, that is, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1761667-A allele, that reduces CD36 expression, associates with high oral fat detection thresholds in some obese subjects. The objective was to assess fatty acid sensitivity in relation to CD36 SNP in young lean and obese children. We studied lingual detection thresholds for emulsions, containing oleic acid, in Algerian children (n=116, age=8±0.5 years) who were divided into two groups: obese (n=57; body mass index (BMI) z-s…
CD36 and taste of fat.
2012
Purpose of review This review explores the recent literature on the role of CD36 in the taste of fat, eating behavior and obesity risk in rodents and humans. Recent findings During the last decade, evidence was accumulated supporting the existence of a taste of fat responsible for the spontaneous preference for lipid-rich foods. Surprisingly, the multifunctional membrane-associated protein CD36 appears to play a significant role in this system in rodents. Recently, another plausible gustatory lipid sensor, the GPR120, was also identified in mice, revealing that the mechanism involved in oral fat detection is more complex than initially expected. Interestingly, lingual CD36 and GPR120 displa…
Lipid-mediated release of GLP-1 by mouse taste buds from circumvallate papillae: putative involvement of GPR120 and impact on taste sensitivity
2012
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) signaling modulates sweet-taste sensitivity in the mouse. Because circumvallate papillae (CVPs) express both GLP-1 and its receptor, a local regulation has been suggested. However, whether dietary lipids are involved in this regulation, as shown in the gut, is unknown. By using a combination of biochemical, immunohistochemical, and behavioral approaches, the present data i) confirm the role of GLP-1 signaling in the attraction for sucrose, ii) demonstrate that minute quantities of long-chain FAs (LCFAs) reinforce the attraction for sucrose in a GLP-1 receptor-dependent manner, iii) suggest an involvement of the LCFA receptor GPR120 expressed in taste buds in …
Stress Transfer within CNT Fibres: A FEA Approach
2015
Abstract Carbon nanotube (CNT) fibres are characterized by extreme anisotropy in their structure and physical properties. These fibres have been shown to have high axial strength, but poor shear strength between carbon nanotubes; for this reason it is difficult to transfer stress uniformly acrossthe fibre cross section. Here, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is used to predict the stress distribution and the stress-strain curves of CNT fibres. The resultsdemonstrate that, in accordance with St. Venant principle,very considerable length-to-diameter ratios (> 10 3 ) are required to obtain a uniform stress distribution within the fibres even in the presence of low applied strain.