Search results for "BSI"
showing 10 items of 468 documents
Antimicrobial Lessons From a Large Observational Cohort on Intra-abdominal Infections in Intensive Care Units
2021
Severe intra-abdominal infection commonly requires intensive care. Mortality is high and is mainly determined by disease-specific characteristics, i.e. setting of infection onset, anatomical barrier disruption, and severity of disease expression. Recent observations revealed that antimicrobial resistance appears equally common in community-acquired and late-onset hospital-acquired infection. This challenges basic principles in anti-infective therapy guidelines, including the paradigm that pathogens involved in community-acquired infection are covered by standard empiric antimicrobial regimens, and second, the concept of nosocomial acquisition as the main driver for resistance involvement. I…
The Social State Based on the Rule of Law in the Europe of Rights
2012
Chapter 8 shows how the idea of the social State under the rule of law has been linked to the European Union since its inception. The founding fathers (Adenaeur, de Gasperi, Monet, Schuman) set the principles of dignity, freedom, equality and solidarity as a way of freeing European citizens from fear, misery and misfortune. Welfare is, above all, a state of justice that defines the threshold between indecency and well-being and affirms that human development is not (only) economic growth. Jacques Maritain, whose influence on the European Union is well known, proclaimed the order that contains the three principles of the social state: the primacy of the person, the priority of civil society …
No ķirurģiskā materiāla izdalīto Klebsiella spp. baktēriju β-laktamāžu producēšanas noteikšana
2021
Klebsiella pneumoniae un Klebsiella oxytoca ir Gram-negatīvas nosacīti patogēnas baktērijas, kas izraisa urīnceļu, plaušu u.c. orgānu infekcijas. Klebsiella spp. raksturo plaša rezistence pret β-laktāmu antibakteriālajiem līdzekļiem, kur klīniski nozīmīgāka ir paplašināta darbības spektra β-laktamāze (ESBL). Darbā apkopota literatūra par Klebsiella spp. morfoloģiju, infekcijām, antibakteriālu terapiju un tās rezistences mehānismiem. Praktiskajā daļā tika iegūti Klebsiella spp. antibakteriālas jutības dati, pamatojoties uz disku difūzijas testiem (DDT), E-testiem, un arī lietojot molekulārbioloģiskās izmeklēšanas metodes: DNA STRIP® tehnoloģiju. Pētījums tika veikts Rīgas Traumatoloģijas un …
Mechanism of the Citrate Transporters in Carbohydrate and Citrate Cometabolism in Lactococcus and Leuconostoc Species
1998
ABSTRACT Citrate metabolism in the lactic acid bacterium Leuconostoc mesenteroides generates an electrochemical proton gradient across the membrane by a secondary mechanism (C. Marty-Teysset, C. Posthuma, J. S. Lolkema, P. Schmitt, C. Divies, and W. N. Konings, J. Bacteriol. 178:2178–2185, 1996). Reports on the energetics of citrate metabolism in the related organism Lactococcus lactis are contradictory, and this study was performed to clarify this issue. Cloning of the membrane potential-generating citrate transporter (CitP) of Leuconostoc mesenteroides revealed an amino acid sequence that is almost identical to the known sequence of the CitP of Lactococcus lactis . The cloned gene was exp…
Rationalising public support for private early childhood education and care: the case of Finland
2019
In Finland, early childhood education and care (ECEC) is traditionally publicly provided. However, private ECEC provision has increased during the past decade, largely as a result of financial support from the public sector. Drawing on qualitative interviews with municipal decision-makers, this article identifies three frames within which publicly subsidised private ECEC provision and marketisation are rationalised: the pragmatic frame, the government frame and the choice frame. The results show that even though market logics and tendencies seem to have gained a strong foothold in local policies, there is a keen interest in universalism and maintaining public control over local ECEC provisi…
Rurality as a Created Field: Towards an Integrated Rural Development in Latvia?
1999
The article looks at the post-socialist countryside as a created field constructed through the discourses and practices of different actors. Despite the fact that small-scale holdings are the major outcome of agricultural reform, and subsistence oriented farmers constitute the bulk of the rural population, there are a variety of other actors in the new Latvian countryside. Their interests are reflected in three competing approaches to rural development: the small farmer approach, the liberal economic approach and the integrated development approach. Although it is not yet clear which strategy will take the lead, the article argues for policies in favour of varied rural actors, the strengthe…
Subsidization of higher education versus expansion of primary enrollments : what can a shift of resources achieve in Sub-Saharan Africa ?
1985
International audience; In many LDCs today, the distribution of public resources for education tends to be inefficient and inequitable in that subsidization often increases rather than decreases with the level of education. To improve efficiency and equity, a shift of resources from higher to primary education should therefore be considered. Such a shift would obviously imply an increase in the private cost of higher education, but its effect could be mitigated through a loan scheme. In this paper, our main purpose is to show what a cut in subsidies to higher education can achieve in terms of expanding primary enrollments. The results show that although the outcome differs from country to c…
Finland: From Steering to the Evaluation of Effectiveness
2017
The Finnish sport system consists of three major elements: voluntarism in sport clubs; the public sector with state subsidies for municipalities’ sport budgets; and the private sector’s offering of sport-related services and products. Participation in sport by Finns has traditionally been based on the combination of a strong civic sector and state support. Nowadays, however, as a result of the recent economic recession, the breakdown of the Nordic welfare model and changing values in relation to voluntary work, there have been changes in Finland in terms of the condition of sport and the relationship between the public and voluntary sectors. There has also been a decline in the level of sta…
Foreign Direct Investment Spillovers: Evidence from the British Retail Sector
2011
This paper discusses the impact of foreign-ownership presence on the productivity performance of British-owned domestic retailers. In particular, we analyse the existence of productivity spillovers, in the form of knowledge transfer, by using establishment-level data from the Annual Respondents Database over the period 1997–2003. The results confirm the presence of such spillovers and highlight their positive and significant impact on the productivity of domestic firms, although these spillovers are mostly confined to the region in which foreign subsidiaries locate. There is also evidence that the productivity benefit from regional foreign direct investment spillovers increases with the abs…
An adult life cycle perspective on public subsidies to higher education in three countries
1986
Studies of the incidence of public susidies to higher education have commonly disregarded adjustements to an appropriate age range in the parental reference populations. Even where the need for such adjustements is noted, implications have rarely if ever been systematically analyzed. Moreover, no attention whatsoever seems to have been paid to implications for adult life-cycle experiences let alone secular changes in experiences over successive cohorts. The present paper seeks to fill part of these gaps, drawing on relevant parts of our research on "the political economy of government support of higher education : studies in Chile, France and Malaysia".