Search results for "Bacteria"
showing 10 items of 4919 documents
Field performance of the Abbott RealTime MTB assay for the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in a low-prevalence setting
2020
Introduction: The sensitivities of conventional mycobacterial culture in solid or liquid media and acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear microscopy for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) detection in extrapulmonary specimens are suboptimal. We evaluated the field performance of the Abbott RealTime MTB assay for the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in a low-prevalence setting. Methods: The total number of extrapulmonary specimens with mycobacterial culture and PCR results was 566: sterile fluids (n = 278), non-sterile fluids (n = 147), lymph node material (n = 69) tissue biopsies (n = 63), and abscess aspirates (n = 9). A composite standard consisting of mycobacterial culture results,…
Management of febrile neutropenia in the perspective of antimicrobial de-escalation and discontinuation.
2019
Introduction: Infections are among the most frequent complications in patients with hematological and oncological diseases. They might be classified as fever of unknown origin and microbiologically or clinically documented infections. Optimal duration of antimicrobial treatment is still unclear in these patients.Areas covered: We provide an overview on the management of febrile neutropenia in the perspective of antimicrobial de-escalation and discontinuation.Expert opinion: Patients with febrile high-risk neutropenia should be treated empirically with an anti-pseudomonal agent such as piperacillin/tazobactam. Several clinical studies support the assumption that the primary antibiotic regime…
The role of dalbavancin for Gram positive infections in the COVID-19 era: state of the art and future perspectives
2021
INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically challenged the national health systems worldwide in the last months. Dalbavancin is a novel antibiotic with a long plasmatic half-life and simplified weekly administration regimens, thus representing a promising option for the outpatient treatment of Gram-positive infections and the early discharge of hospitalized patients. Dalbavancin is approved for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs). Many preliminary data seem to support its use in other indications, such as osteomyelitis, prosthetic joint infections, and infective endocarditis. AREAS COVERED: A search in the literature using validated keyword…
Bactibilia in women affected with diseases of the biliary tract and pancreas. A STROBE guidelines-adherent cross-sectional study in Southern Italy.
2018
Abstract Purpose. Bile is a hepatobiliary lipid-rich sterile solution, and its colonization by microorganisms defines the condition of bactibilia. In this study, we aimed to assess the bile microbiological flora and its potential link with comorbidity in women. Methodology. We performed a microbiologic investigation on 53 female patients with biliopancreatic diseases who granted consent, and we analysed the data using a MATLAB platform. Results. We found that the most frequent disease associated with bactibilia was pancreas head carcinoma (PHC) (P=0.0015), while the least frequent disease was gall bladder carcinoma (GBC) (P=0.0002). The most common microorganisms were Pseudomonas spp. (P<…
Evaluation of a mass spectrometry and Vitek 2 combined protocol for rapid identification and susceptibility testing of Enterobacterales directly from…
2020
Abstract Objective The aim was to evaluate a rapid method which would combine identification and susceptibility testing directly from positive blood cultures for Gram-negative bacilli of the Enterobacterales. Material and methods Gram-negative rods from blood cultures were directly identified by MALDI-TOF. Samples with Enterobacterales were selected for direct antimicrobial susceptibility testing by Vitek 2. The results were compared to those obtained with our laboratory's standard method. Results MALDI-TOF directly from blood cultures identified correctly 83% of the samples. Enterobacterales (n = 68) were identified at gender and species level in 85% of blood cultures with a score >1.7. In…
Identification of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance markers using bacterial genomics.
2016
International audience; In recent years, the number of multidrug-resistant bacteria has increased rapidly and several epidemics were signaled in different regions of the world. Faced with this situation that presents a major global public health concern, the development and the use of new and rapid technologies is more than urgent. The use of the next-generation sequencing platforms by microbiologists and infectious disease specialists has allowed great progress in the medical field. Here, we review the usefulness of whole-genome sequencing for the detection of virulence and antibiotic resistance associated genes.
Selection of New Probiotics for Endometrial Health
2019
Microbiota is a crucial player in gynecologic health, in which bacteria can shift to a dysbiotic state triggering a pathogenic process. Based on an ecological understanding of the problem, the aim of this study is to select a potential probiotic strain to improve female reproductive tract based on its capacity to initially lower pH and to promote the reduction of pathogenic bacteria. Based on this rationale, strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus BPL005 was initially selected for its capacity to reduce in vitro pH levels and produce organic acids. Subsequently, strain L. rhamnosus BPL005 (CECT 8800) was demonstrated to have a protective role on endometrial infections in an in vitro model of bacteri…
Directed evolution of a Mycobacteriophage
2019
This article belongs to the Special Issue Bacteriophages: Alternatives to Antibiotics and Beyond.
Probiotic Potential of Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides and Lactobacillus Strains Isolated From Yaks
2018
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity and safety of bacterias with probiotic potential isolated from free-ranging Tibetan yaks in high altitude regions of Tibet. For this purpose, one Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides strain (named P1) and two Lactobacillus johnsonii and Lactobacillus mucosae strains (named LY1 and LY2), respectively, were isolated from fecal samples of Tibetan yaks. The antibacterial activity of the isolates was studied using Escherichia coli (E. coli ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus ATCC 26112), and Salmonella enteritidis (S. enteritidis NCTC 13349) as indicator pathogens. The results showed that LY1 had high antibacterial efficac…
Comprehensive identification of Vibrio vulnificus genes required for growth in human serum.
2018
ABSTRACT Vibrio vulnificus can be a highly invasive pathogen capable of spreading from an infection site to the bloodstream, causing sepsis and death. To survive and proliferate in blood, the pathogen requires mechanisms to overcome the innate immune defenses and metabolic limitations of this host niche. We created a high-density transposon mutant library in YJ016, a strain representative of the most virulent V. vulnificus lineage (or phylogroup) and used transposon insertion sequencing (TIS) screens to identify loci that enable the pathogen to survive and proliferate in human serum. Initially, genes underrepresented for insertions were used to estimate the V. vulnificus essential gene set;…