Search results for "Barrier"

showing 10 items of 678 documents

Intense laser effects on donor impurity in a cylindrical single and vertically coupled quantum dots under combined effects of hydrostatic pressure an…

2010

WOS: 000280235800010

ChemistryHydrostatic pressureBinding energyGeneral Physics and AstronomySurfaces and InterfacesGeneral ChemistryCondensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall EffectCondensed Matter PhysicsSurfaces Coatings and FilmsEffective mass (solid-state physics)Quantum wellsImpurityQuantum dotIntense laser effectsElectric fieldElectric fieldRectangular potential barrierAtomic physicsHydrostatic pressureImpurityQuantum well
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The action of TH17 cells on blood brain barrier in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

2019

Th17 cells, known as a highly pro-inflammatory subtype of Th cells, are involved very early in numerous aspects of multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) neuropathology. A crucial event for the formation and accumulation of MS lesions is represented by the disruption of the blood brain barrier (BBB) in relapsing-remitting MS. Th17 cells also contribute to the progression of MS/EAE. These events will allow for the passage of inflammatory cells into the brain. Secondary to this, increased recruitment of neutrophils occurs, followed by increased protease activity that will continue to attract macrophages and monocytes, leading to brain inflammation with sus…

ChemokineEncephalomyelitis Autoimmune ExperimentalMultiple SclerosisImmunologyInflammationBlood–brain barrierTight JunctionsMyelinCell MovementmedicineImmunology and AllergyAnimalsHumansAxonbiologybusiness.industryMultiple sclerosisNeurodegenerationExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisEndothelial CellsGeneral MedicineTh1 Cellsmedicine.diseaseCell biologymedicine.anatomical_structureBlood-Brain Barrierbiology.proteinCytokinesTh17 Cellsmedicine.symptombusinessHuman immunology
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Isovaleraldehyde degradation using UV photocatalytic and dielectric barrier discharge reactors, and their combinations

2015

International audience; The abatement of isovaleraldehyde present in air was carried out in UV photocatalytic and dielectric barrier discharge reactors (and their combinations) for concentrations up to 150 mg C m−3 and air flow rates ranging from 4 to 10 m3 h−1. A kinetic study was performed following a Langmuir–Hinshelwood model. Photocatalytic treatment of an isovaleraldehyde and isovaleric acid mixture showed a clear inhibition of isovaleric acid abatement in presence of isovaleraldehyde. Dielectric barrier discharge treatment of isovaleraldehyde showed an increase of removal efficiency with applied voltage and a decrease with air flow rate and inlet concentration. Moreover, introduction…

ChromatographyChemistryGeneral Chemical EngineeringInorganic chemistryDielectric barrier discharge treatmentGeneral Physics and AstronomyGeneral ChemistryDielectric barrier dischargeQuímicaUV photocatalytic reactor6. Clean waterIsovaleraldehydeCatalysischemistry.chemical_compoundCombined treatment[CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineeringCoupled systemAir flow ratePhotocatalysisDegradation (geology)Hybrid reactorHybrid reactorEnginyeria ambientalVOC removal
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Permeability and toxicological profile estimation of organochlorine compounds by biopartitioning micellar chromatography

2008

This paper points out the usefulness of biopartitioning micellar chromatography (BMC) as a high-throughput primary screening tool providing key information about the oral absorption, skin permeability (Kp), brain–blood distribution coefficient (BB) and ecotoxicological parameters such as median lethal concentration (LC50) and bioconcentration factors of 15 organochloride compounds. The retention data of compounds in BMC conditions were interpolated in previously developed quantitative–retention activity relationships by our research group. Results show that the compounds studied readily cross the intestinal barrier (oral absorption >ercnt;) and the blood–brain barrier (log BB >p;0.4). In ad…

Clinical BiochemistryBioconcentrationAbsorption (skin)Models BiologicalBiochemistryPermeabilityAnalytical Chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundDrug DiscoveryHydrocarbons ChlorinatedAnimalsHumansDicofolPesticidesMolecular BiologySkinPharmacologyChromatographyChromatographyGeneral MedicineHexachlorobenzeneOrganochlorideBioavailabilityPartition coefficientchemistryBlood-Brain BarrierChlorobenzeneEnvironmental chemistrySoftwareBiomedical Chromatography
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In vitro P-glycoprotein efflux inhibition by atypical antipsychotics is in vivo nicely reflected by pharmacodynamic but less by pharmacokinetic chang…

2011

Abstract Background P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an efflux transporter of the blood–brain barrier, limits the access of multiple xenobiotics to the central nervous system (CNS). Thus drug-dependent inhibition, induction or genetic variation of P-gp impacts drug therapy. Methods We investigated atypical antipsychotics and their interaction with P-gp. Amisulpride, clozapine, N-desmethylclozapine, olanzapine, and quetiapine were assessed in vitro on their inhibitory potential and in vivo on their disposition in mouse serum and brain, and behaviourally on the RotaRod test. In vivo wildtype (WT) and mdr1a/1b double knockout mice (mdr1a/1b (−/−, −/−); KO) were investigated. Results In rhodamine 123 eff…

Clinical BiochemistryIn Vitro TechniquesPharmacologyToxicologyBlood–brain barrierBiochemistryRhodamine 123Rotarod performance testMiceBehavioral Neurosciencechemistry.chemical_compoundPharmacokineticsIn vivoCell Line TumormedicineAnimalsRhodamine 123ATP Binding Cassette Transporter Subfamily B Member 1Biological PsychiatryClozapineP-glycoproteinMice KnockoutPharmacologybiologyReceptors Dopamine D2Protein Transportmedicine.anatomical_structurechemistryRotarod Performance Testbiology.proteinDopamine AntagonistsEffluxAntipsychotic Agentsmedicine.drugPharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior
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Southern Ocean areas of endemism: a reanalysis using benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)

2013

The biogeographic history of the Southern Ocean (SO) fauna is complex and poorly studied, especially the areas of endemism. We reanalyzed the data of Marques & Peña Cantero (2010), along with other geographical records of endemic benthic hydroids below 45°S. A Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE) based on 5° latitude by 5° longitude matrix with 61 species resulted in eight areas of endemism. We discuss these results in the context of different hypotheses of the evolution of the SO fauna and previously proposed biogeography patterns.

CnidariaQH301-705.5barriersFaunaBiogeographyendemismoSH1-691Context (language use)GC1-1581Aquatic ScienceOceanographyLatitudebiogeografíaAquaculture. Fisheries. AnglingAntárcticaBiology (General)Southern OceanEndemismbiogeographyHydrozoabiologyEcologybiology.organism_classificationPAEHydrozoaOceanographyBenthic zoneendemismOceano AustralbarrerasAntarcticaLatin American Journal of Aquatic Research
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2013

The amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) peptide plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting the elderly. Over the past years, several approaches and compounds developed for the treatment of AD have failed in clinical studies, likely in part due to their low penetration of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Since nanotechnology-based strategies offer new possibilities for the delivery of drugs to the brain, this technique is studied intensively for the treatment of AD and other neurological disorders. The Aβ42 lowering drug flurbiprofen was embedded in polylactide (PLA) nanoparticles by emulsification-diffusion technique and their pot…

Cognitive NeuroscienceFlurbiprofenDrug delivery to the brainProtein Corona02 engineering and technologyPharmacologyBlood–brain barrier03 medical and health sciencesMedicineBarrier function030304 developmental biology0303 health sciencesbusiness.industryBiological activitymusculoskeletal system021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology3. Good healthEndothelial stem cellmedicine.anatomical_structureNeurologylipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)Neurology (clinical)0210 nano-technologybusinessDrug carrierNeurosciencemedicine.drugAlzheimer's Research & Therapy
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Collision Theory for Two- and Three-Particle Systems Interacting via Short-Range and Coulomb Forces

1996

In two- and three-particle reactions with light nuclei, a rich body of precise experimental data exists in which both projectile and target and/or the fragments occurring in the final state are charged. In order to make optimal use of these data for extracting physically interesting information about the nuclear interactions, the effects of the Coulomb force must be separated out in a reliable manner. For this purpose the mastering of the intricacies of charged-particle scattering theory is of vital importance.

Collision theoryParticle systemCoulomb's lawPhysicssymbols.namesakeClassical mechanicsCoulomb collisionCoulomb wave functionsymbolsCoulombCoulomb barrierScattering theoryNuclear Experiment
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EXTRACELLULAR VESCICLES DERIVED FROM GUT MICROBIOTA IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE AND COLORECTAL CANCER

2021

The human gut microbiome encompasses inter alia, the myriad bacterial species that create the optimal host-micro-organism balance essential for normal metabolic and immune function. Various lines of evidence suggest that dys-regulation of the microbiota-host interaction is linked to pathologies such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Extracellular vesicles (EVs), found in virtually all body fluids and produced by both eukaryotic cells and bacteria are involved in cell-cell communication and crosstalk mechanisms, such as the immune response, barrier function and intestinal flora. This review highlights advancements in knowledge of the functional role that EVs ma…

Colorectal cancerGut microbiotaGut floraInflammatory bowel diseaseInflammatory bowel diseaseGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular BiologyExtracellular VesiclesImmune systemFlora (microbiology)HumansMedicineMicrobiomeBarrier functionBacteriabiologybusiness.industryMicrobiotaRInflammatory Bowel Diseasesmedicine.diseasebiology.organism_classificationColorectal cancerdigestive system diseasesGastrointestinal MicrobiomeCrosstalk (biology)ImmunologyMedicinecolo-rectal cancer extracellular vescicles gut microbiota inflammatory bowel dseaseColorectal Neoplasmsbusiness
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Assessing the Enlargement and Deepening of the European Union

2008

This paper estimates a theoreticallymotivated gravity model to examine the effect of the European Union (EU) on trade and whet her the order of entry has affected the trade performance of member countries. Additionally, we analyse the impact of the diffe rent phases of EU integration on trade. The results show that both original countries and successive enlargements boost intra-b loc trade. Moreover, the results suggest that the deepening in the integration process has led to more trade creation among members. Finally, only the latter ph ase of the European integration process (the single currency) has increased trade with non-members.

Commercial policyEconomic integrationEconomics and Econometricsbusiness.industryTrade creationSingle marketInternational tradeInternational economicsInternational free trade agreementAccountingPolitical Science and International RelationsEuropean integrationEconomicsmedia_common.cataloged_instanceEuropean unionbusinessTrade barrierFinancemedia_commonWorld Economy
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