Search results for "Benzene"

showing 10 items of 1701 documents

Residential Exposure to Outdoor Air Pollution during Pregnancy and Anthropometric Measures at Birth in a Multicenter Cohort in Spain

2011

Background: A growing body of research suggests that prenatal exposure to air pollution may be harmful to fetal development. We assessed the association between exposure to air pollution during pregnancy and anthropometric measures at birth in four areas within the Spanish Children’s Health and Environment (INMA) mother and child cohort study. Methods: Exposure to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and benzene was estimated for the residence of each woman (n = 2,337) for each trimester and for the entire pregnancy. Outcomes included birth weight, length, and head circumference. The association between residential outdoor air pollution exposure and birth outcomes was assessed with linear regress…

Questionnaires:Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Environmental Pollution::Environmental Exposure::Environmental Monitoring [Medical Subject Headings]Fetus -- CreixementPediatricsHealth Toxicology and MutagenesisEspañaair pollution:Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Body Constitution::Body Weights and Measures::Body Size::Body Weight [Medical Subject Headings]:Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings]Cohort StudiesbenzenebirthRecién NacidoPregnancyResidence CharacteristicsSurveys and Questionnaires:Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Toxic Actions::Environmental Pollutants::Air Pollutants [Medical Subject Headings]:Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Environmental Pollution::Environmental Exposure::Maternal Exposure [Medical Subject Headings]Birth WeightBody SizeMedicineProspective StudiesProspective cohort studyTamaño Corporal:Phenomena and Processes::Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena::Reproductive Physiological Phenomena::Reproductive Physiological Processes::Reproduction::Pregnancy [Medical Subject Headings]:Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Questionnaires [Medical Subject Headings]Vehicle Emissions:Geographicals::Geographic Locations::Europe::Spain [Medical Subject Headings]Dióxido de NitrógenoPeso al NacerAir PollutantsInhalation ExposureanthropometryAdultoDistribución Espacial de la Población:Chemicals and Drugs::Complex Mixtures::Vehicle Emissions [Medical Subject Headings]Adulto JovenEstudios ProspectivosAire -- Contaminació -- Efectes fisiològics -- EpidemiologiaExposición MaternaHumanos:Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Environmental Pollution::Environmental Exposure::Inhalation Exposure [Medical Subject Headings]Maternal ExposureFemeninaInfant Small for Gestational AgeCohort:Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Infant::Infant Newborn::Infant Low Birth Weight::Infant Small for Gestational Age [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Inorganic Chemicals::Nitrogen Compounds::Nitrogen Oxides [Medical Subject Headings]Emisiones de VehículosFemalepregnancyEnvironmental MonitoringCohort studyAdultmedicine.medical_specialty:Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult::Young Adult [Medical Subject Headings]nitrogen dioxideEmbarazoBirth weightMonitoreo del AmbienteExposición por Inhalación:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Physical Examination::Body Constitution::Body Weights and Measures::Body Size [Medical Subject Headings]:Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Infant::Infant Newborn [Medical Subject Headings]Young AdultRecién Nacido Pequeño para la Edad Gestacional:Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult [Medical Subject Headings]HumansPregnancybusiness.industryResearchBencenoInfant NewbornPublic Health Environmental and Occupational Healthbirth weightAnthropometrymedicine.disease:Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Epidemiologic Measurements::Demography::Residence Characteristics [Medical Subject Headings]Confidence interval:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Hydrocarbons::Hydrocarbons Cyclic::Hydrocarbons Aromatic::Benzene [Medical Subject Headings]:Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cohort Studies::Prospective Studies [Medical Subject Headings]:Check Tags::Female [Medical Subject Headings]Spain:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cohort Studies [Medical Subject Headings]Contaminantes del AireSmall for gestational ageEstudios de CohortesbusinessDemographyEnvironmental Health Perspectives
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Supramolecular hierarchy among halogen and hydrogen bond donors in light-induced surface patterning

2015

Halogen bonding, a noncovalent interaction possessing several unique features compared to the more familiar hydrogen bonding, is emerging as a powerful tool in functional materials design. Herein, we unambiguously show that one of these characteristic features, namely high directionality, renders halogen bonding the interaction of choice when developing azobenzene-containing supramolecular polymers for light-induced surface patterning. The study is conducted by using an extensive library of azobenzene molecules that differ only in terms of the bond-donor unit. We introduce a new tetrafluorophenol-containing azobenzene photoswitch capable of forming strong hydrogen bonds, and show that an io…

RELIEF GRATINGSDENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY CALCULATIONSMaterials sciencePHOTOINDUCED BIREFRINGENCE116 Chemical sciencesta221Supramolecular chemistryPhotochemistrysupramolecular chemistryDENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORYchemistry.chemical_compoundMaterials ChemistryMoleculeTHERMAL-ISOMERIZATIONPOLARIZATION DEPENDENCECO-CRYSTALSLIQUID-CRYSTAL ORDERta218chemistry.chemical_classificationta214Halogen bondta114PhotoswitchHydrogen bondPolymers Halogen Bonding Supramolecular Chemistry Photoresponsive AzobenzeneGeneral Chemistryhydrogen bondingPOLYMER-AZOBENZENE COMPLEXESSupramolecular polymersSOLID-STATEchemistryAzobenzeneHALOGEN BONDINGHalogenlight-induced surface patterningSettore CHIM/07 - Fondamenti Chimici Delle TecnologiePHOTONIC APPLICATIONSPOLYMER-AZOBENZENE COMPLEXES; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; LIQUID-CRYSTAL ORDER; RELIEF GRATINGS; SOLID-STATE; PHOTOINDUCED BIREFRINGENCE; POLARIZATION DEPENDENCE; THERMAL-ISOMERIZATION; PHOTONIC APPLICATIONS; CO-CRYSTALSJournal of Materials Chemistry C
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Initiierte autoxydation von isotaktischem und ataktischem polybuten-1 in lösung

1968

Isotaktisches und ataktisches Polybuten-1 (PB) wurden bei 70,6°C in brombenzolischer Losung mit Azoisobuttersauredinitril als Initiator mit Sauerstoff oxydiert. Die oxydierten Proben wurden isoliert, und der Gehalt an Hydroperoxidgruppen wurde mit Hilfe von Triphenylphosphin bestimint. Cyclische Peroxide, die bei oxydiertem isotaktischem Polybuten 1 moglich sind, konnen nicht mit Triphenylphosphin bestimmt werden, da sie zerfallen, bevor sie mit dem Phosphin reagieren. Dies wurde an niedermolekularen Modellverbindungen uberpruft. Unter den Reaktionsbedingungen war die kinetische Kettenlange so klein (1 bis 2), das deutliche Unterschiede der Oxydation von isotaktischem und ataktischem Polybu…

Reaction conditionsKinetic chain lengthchemistry.chemical_compoundChemistryBromobenzeneTacticityPolymer chemistryAzobisisobutyronitrileTriphenylphosphinePeroxidePhosphineDie Makromolekulare Chemie
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5,11,17,23-Tetranitro-25,26,27,28-tetrapentyloxycalix[4]arene

2005

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C48H60N4O12, is located on a crystallographic twofold rotation axis. It is found in the typical pinched cone conformation. The dihedral angles between the reference plane (defined by the C atoms of the methyl­ene bridges) and the benzene rings are 83.33 (6) and 141.61 (5)°.

Reference planeCone conformationchemistry.chemical_compoundCrystallographyChemistryGeneral Materials ScienceGeneral ChemistryDihedral angleCondensed Matter PhysicsRotationBenzeneActa Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online
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Molecular modeling and experimental studies on structure and NMR parameters of 9-benzyl-3,6-diiodo-9H-carbazole

2015

A combined experimental and theoretical study has been performed on 9-benzyl-3,6-diiodo-9H-carbazole. Experimental X-ray (100.0 K) and room-temperature 13C NMR studies were supported by advanced density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The non relativistic structure optimization was performed and the 13C nuclear magnetic shieldings were predicted at the relativistic level of theory using the Zeroth Order Regular Approximation (ZORA). The changes in the benzene and pyrrole rings compared to the unsubstituted carbazole or the parent molecules were discussed in terms of aromaticity changes using the harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity (HOMA) and the nucleus independent chemical shift…

Relativistic EffectsNICSMolecular modelGIAO NMR CalculationsDFT calculationsZORAchemistry.chemical_compoundComputational chemistrycarbazoleFaculty of ScienceHOMAMolecule13 C NMR spectra/dk/atira/pure/core/keywords/TheFacultyOfSciencePhysical and Theoretical ChemistryBenzeneHarmonic oscillator9-Benzyl-3CarbazoleChemical shiftAromaticityQuantum Chemistry6-diiodo-9H-carbazoleCondensed Matter Physicscomputational chemistryNMR spectrocopychemistryPhysical chemistryDensity functional theoryX-ray structureNMR; chemical shiftStructural Chemistry
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Ethylbenzene removal under mesophilic conditions in a biofilter withMacadamia ternifolianutshells as a carrier material

2012

BACKGROUND Biofilters are suitable to treat industrial emissions polluted with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), responsible for photochemical smog and depletion of the ozone layer. This study analyzes the performance of a biofilter with Macadamia ternifolia nutshells as a carrier material treating air streams contaminated with ethylbenzene under mesophilic conditions with continuous feeding. RESULTS The biofilter was operated continuously for 5 months applying several inlet loads (IL), empty bed residence times (EBRT) and temperatures. At a temperature of 303 ± 1 K removal efficiencies (RE) higher than 90% were obtained for ILs lower than 85.6 g m−3 h−1 and 70.6 g m−3 h−1 at an EBRT of 15…

Renewable Energy Sustainability and the EnvironmentGeneral Chemical EngineeringHydrogen sulfideOrganic ChemistryEnvironmental engineeringContaminationPulp and paper industryPollutionTolueneEthylbenzeneInorganic Chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundFuel TechnologychemistryBiofilterAir treatmentEnvironmental scienceSaturation (chemistry)Waste Management and DisposalBiotechnologyMesophileJournal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology
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CCDC 291811: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

2006

Related Article: F.A.Cotton, C.A.Murillo, S.-E.Stiriba, Xiaoping Wang, Rongmin Yu|2005|Inorg.Chem.|44|8223|doi:10.1021/ic051282c

SSS-tris(mu4-benzene-14-dicarboxylato)-hexakis(mu2-2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl)-hexapyridyl-hexa-rhodium dichloromethane methanol sesquihydrateSpace GroupCrystallographyCrystal SystemCrystal StructureCell ParametersExperimental 3D Coordinates
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CCDC 291816: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

2006

Related Article: F.A.Cotton, C.A.Murillo, S.-E.Stiriba, Xiaoping Wang, Rongmin Yu|2005|Inorg.Chem.|44|8223|doi:10.1021/ic051282c

SSS-tris(mu~4~-benzene-14-dicarboxylato)-hexakis(mu~2~-2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl)-tris(methanol)-tripyridyl-hexa-rhodium dichloromethane methanol solvate hydrateSpace GroupCrystallographyCrystal SystemCrystal StructureCell ParametersExperimental 3D Coordinates
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Free radical scavenging abilities of flavonoids as mechanism of protection against mutagenicity induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide or cumene hydrope…

2003

Mutagenicity induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (BHP) or cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) in Salmonella typhimurium TA102 was effectively reduced by flavonols with 3',4'-hydroxyl groups such as fisetin, quercetin, rutin, isoquercitrin, hyperoxide, myricetin, myricitrin, robinetin, and to a lesser extent also by morin and kaempferol (ID50=0.25-1.05 micromol per plate). With the exception of isorhamnetin, rhamnetin, morin, and kaempferol, closely similar results were obtained with both peroxides. Hydrogenation of the double bond between carbons 2 and 3 (dihydroquercetin, dihydrorobinetin) as well as the additional elimination of the carbonyl function at carbon 4 (catechins) resulted in a loss of a…

Salmonella typhimuriumFree RadicalsHealth Toxicology and MutagenesisMedicinal chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundFlavonolstert-ButylhydroperoxideBenzene DerivativesGeneticsButylated hydroxytolueneIsorhamnetinFlavonoidschemistry.chemical_classificationDose-Response Relationship DrugDeferoxamine mesylateHydroxyl RadicalMutagenicity TestsAntimutagenic AgentsFree Radical ScavengersHydrogen PeroxideOxidantsBiochemistrychemistryCumene hydroperoxidetert-Butyl hydroperoxideMyricetinQuercetinMutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis
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X-ray and DFT-calculated structures of a vanadyl Schiff base complex: (methanol-κO)[2-methoxy-6-({2-[(2-oxido-3-methoxybenzylidene)amino]benzyl}imino…

2012

The central VVatom in the title mononuclear oxovanadium complex, [VO(C23H20N2O4)(CH3OH)]·H2O, has a distorted octahedral coordination. Two N atoms and two O atoms of the Schiff base define the base of the bipyramid and two O atoms are in the apical positions, one from vanadyl and the second from methanol. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed for the title complex and its ligand to compare their geometry in the solid and gas phases. Additional analyses were made of the changes in the geometry of the ligand during complex formation. The HOMA (harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity) descriptor of π-electron delocalization was calculated to estimate the aromaticity of t…

Schiff baseStereochemistryLigandAromaticityGeneral MedicineCrystal structureGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular BiologyBipyramidchemistry.chemical_compoundCrystallographyDelocalized electronchemistryDensity functional theoryBenzeneActa Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications
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