Search results for "Bilin"
showing 10 items of 377 documents
Multi-sited and historically layered language policy construction: parliamentary debate on the Finnish constitutional bilingualism in 1919
2018
In this article, we analyse the construction of Finnish constitutional bilingualism in the aftermath of gaining independence, a traumatic civil war and during the construction of a new republican polity based on regulated parliamentarism in 1917–1919. We take a multi-sited and historically informed approach to the dynamics of political discourse at the parliamentary level, analysing the discursive cycles of people, nationality and nation. We demonstrate the interconnectedness of language policy discourses with historically and spatially multi-sited and highly complex contexts and show how language policy confrontations can add important dimensions to increase our understanding of power stru…
Creating a bilingual pre-school classroom: the multilayered discourses of a bilingual teacher
2015
Teachers have an agentive role as they interpret, evaluate and develop language policies and practices. In the current study we interviewed a bilingual pre-school teacher in Finland during the first year of implementing a new way of working bilingually with a class of monolingual children. Applying nexus analysis, we explored the teacher discourses on the trajectory of the development of the new approach; the concepts, places and people that were circulating in her reflections; and how these connected with larger societal discourses. The analysis showed that the teacher's new bilingual language practices demanded the renegotiation of previously held personal and professional beliefs. The te…
“You Can Stand Under My Umbrella”: Immersion, CLIL and Bilingual Education. A Response to Cenoz, Genesee & Gorter (2013)
2014
Classrooms the world over are full of people who, for different reasons, are learning additional languages and/or are studying through languages that are not their first. Gaining insight into such contexts is complicated for researchers and practitioners alike by the myriad of contextual variables that come with different implementations and make comparison and generalization a tricky business. We welcome Cenoz et al.’s (2013) article as an important contribution to the debate on how best to tackle this problem. In this Forum piece we would like to, however, redress the balance on two issues: the fact that terminologies have histories and the emphases on the research agenda suggested for fu…
A language socialisation perspective on Swedish immersion in Finland : Students, teachers, and parents as key actors
2022
Abstract This retrospective review applies a language socialisation perspective in examining the findings of a four-year research project on Swedish immersion in Finland. Findings from nine sub-studies within the project are reported with a point-of-view from three key actors’ (teachers, students, and parents) language socialisation processes. Results show that a special feature of immersion teacher socialisation is its continuous attention toward the additive multilingual nature of immersion education, which requires sustained attention to multilingual language use and development. Students in Swedish immersion are socialised into the use of multiple languages in school and act as socialis…
Un dictionnaire de tourisme en ligne
2015
Les repertoires monolingues et bilingues de langues de specialites commencent a se tailler une part importante du marche des dictionnaires, les multilingues sont toutefois moins nombreux, sans doute a cause de l’ampleur materielle que prend obligatoirement la mise en contraste d’unites de plusieurs langues, meme si lesdites unites sont selectionnees dans des champs thematiques delimites avec totale nettete. Cependant, avec la possibilite de consultation des dictionnaires en ligne, l’horizon s’est amplement elargi et les lexicographes peuvent offrir a leurs lecteurs potentiels des equivalences des unites de plusieurs langues et, in fine, de veritables comparaisons de lexiques differents. Ain…
Constructions of bilingualism in Finnish Government programmes and a newspaper discussion site debate
2014
The concept of bilingualism in Finnish political discourse is predominantly used in the meaning of official or state bilingualism, focussing on the two constitutionally defined ‘national languages’; i.e. Finnish and Swedish. Legally, both Finnish and Swedish speakers have a right for public services, such as schooling or health care, in their first language. On the other hand, several language ideological debates have taken place in recent years, challenging especially the status of Swedish in administration and education. These debates have reshaped the discourses on what counts as bilingualism. This paper analyses on one hand the historical discursive development of the “official will” pr…
Onko suomen ja ruotsin koodinvaihdolla kielioppia? : substantiivien ja verbien taivutus Haaparannan, Tukholman ja Helsingin kaksikielisissä keskustel…
2016
Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan kaksikielisten 13–15- vuotiaiden nuorten koodinvaihtoa suomen ja ruotsin välillä luokkahuoneen ulkopuolella nauhoitetuissa arkikielisissä keskusteluissa Haaparannassa (2014–2015), Tukholmassa (2015–2016) ja Helsingissä (2014). Artikkelissa kartoitetaan, miten toisesta kielestä upotetut substantiivit ja verbit taipuvat koodinvaihdossa. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on selvittää, taipuvatko upotetut sanat matriisikielen eli pääkielen vai upotetun kielen kieliopin mukaan ja onko eri paikkakunnilta kerättyjen aineistojen välillä eroja. Tavoitteena on myös tutkia, onko suomen ja ruotsin koodinvaihdolla rakenteellisia rajoituksia eli voiko koodinvaihtoa tapahtua silloin, k…
The environment of a bilingual classroom as an interactional resource
2018
Both schoolscape studies and recent conversation analytic (CA) research on classroom interaction have demonstrated that material artefacts such as images, texts and different kinds of objects found in classrooms have a significant role in educational practice. This article turns the spotlight on social action within a bilingual classroom, exploring how participants visibly orient to the surrounding material environment during instructional interaction. The data consist of video-recorded lessons from secondary-level education. A multimodal conversation analytic investigation focuses on interactions during which participants attend to classroom texts and semiotic objects in ways that foregrou…
Two languages in the air : a cross-cultural comparison of preschool teachers’ reflections on their flexible bilingual practices
2016
Bilingual preschool education is under researched compared with bilingual school education. There is also a lack of research on bilingual preschool teachers’ agency and how they negotiate between two languages in the classroom. We examined the language practices of five bilingual preschool teachers working within three different socio-linguistic settings, in Finland (Finnish–Swedish and Russian–Finnish contexts) and Israel (an Arabic–Hebrew context) and interviewed the teachers about their use of languages in the classroom. We found that in each context the teachers reported modifications to an initial bilingual education model over time: from a strict separation of languages, to flexible b…
Analysis of singular bilinear systems using Walsh functions
1991
The use of Walsh functions to analyse singular bilinear systems is investigated. It is shown that the nonlinear implicit differential system equation may be converted to a set of linear algebraic Lyapunov equations to be solved iteratively for the coefficients of the semistate x(t) in terms of the Walsh basis functions. Solution of the iterative algorithm is uniformly convergent to the exact solution of the algebraic generalised Lyapunov equation of the singular bilinear system. The present method is slightly more complicated than a similar one arising from the analysis of linear singular systems. In fact, it is a hybrid between the analyses of usual linear singular and bilinear regular sys…