Search results for "Bone resorption"
showing 10 items of 92 documents
Consensus Statement on the Use of Bone Turnover Markers for Short-Term Monitoring of Osteoporosis Treatment in the Asia-Pacific Region
2019
Osteoporosis is a major health issue. By 2050, a greater than 2-fold increase in patients number with hip fractures will occur in Asia representing 50% of all hip fractures worldwide. For the Asia-Pacific (AP) region, more efforts on controlling osteoporosis and the subsequent fractures are crucial. Bone mineral density (BMD) by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is commonly used to diagnose osteoporosis and monitor osteoporosis treatment. However, the inconvenience, cost, limited availability of DXA and the delay in detection of BMD changes after treatment initiation support an important role for bone turnover markers (BTMs), as short-term tools to monitor therapy. With regards to low …
Algorithm for the management of patients at low, high and very high risk of osteoporotic fractures
2019
Summary Guidance is provided in an international setting on the assessment and specific treatment of postmenopausal women at low, high and very high risk of fragility fractures. Introduction The International Osteoporosis Foundation and European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis published guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in 2019. This manuscript seeks to apply this in an international setting, taking additional account of further categorisation of increased risk of fracture, which may inform choice of therapeutic approach. Methods Clinical perspective and updated literature search. Results The following areas are reviewed: …
Treatments for post-menopausal osteoporotic women, what's new? How can we manage long-term treatment?
2016
Since the mid-1980s, postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) has been considered a serious public health concern because of the associated fractures. Pharmacological therapies that effectively reduce the number of fractures by improving bone mass have been and are being developed continuously. Most current agents inhibit bone loss by reducing bone resorption, but emerging therapies may increase bone mass by stimulating bone formation. Furthermore, nowadays, the most representative pharmaceuticals have been prescribed long enough to include the reporting of some adverse effects. This review discusses osteoporotic drugs that are approved or are under investigation for the treatment of post-menopaus…
25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in healthy premenopausal women: Association with bone turnover markers and bone mineral density
2008
Abstract Background Vitamin D deficiency is very common in elderly people while there are very few reports on its incidence, determinants and metabolic consequences in young subjects. Results In 608 young healthy premenopausal women participating in the BONTURNO study, levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] below 20 ng/ml were found in almost a third of the women. Its levels were inversely ( P 2 ) and directly with sunlight exposure during the summer time, and latitude: i.e. the higher the latitude over Italy, the higher the 25(OH)D level. In women on contraceptive pill the mean 25(OH)D level was significantly increased even when the data were adjusted for age, BMI and sun exposure. 25(OH)…
Is bone loss the reversal of bone accrual? Evidence from a cross-sectional study in daughter-mother-grandmother trios.
2011
Bone adapts to mechanical loads applied on it. During aging, loads decrease to a greater extent at those skeletal sites where loads increase most in earlier life. Thus, the loss of bone may occur preferentially at sites where most bone has been deposited previously; ie, bone loss could be the directional reversal of accrual. To test this hypothesis, we compared the bone mass distribution at weight-bearing (tibia) and non-weight-bearing (radius) bones among 18-year-old girls, their premenopausal mothers, and their postmenopausal maternal grandmothers. Bone and muscle properties were measured by pQCT, and polar distribution of bone mass was obtained in 55 girl-mother–maternal grandmother trio…
Osteonecrosis of the jaws in patients treated with bisphosphonates - histomorphologic analysis in comparison with infected osteoradionecrosis.
2006
Background: Patients treated with bisphosphonates because of bone metastases have been shown to develop osteonecrosis of the jaws. In the present study, we examined the histologic findings of these cases. As similarities between this disorder and infected osteoradionecrosis (IORN) are described, both lesions were compared. Methods: We investigated eight patients with bisphosphonate treatment and osteonecrosis (four female, four male; median age: 65.6 years; cancer: multiple myeloma in five patients, breast cancer in three patients; mandibular involvement in five patients, maxillar involvement in three cases), and 10 patients suffering from IORN (all male; median age: 61.3 years; cancer: s…
Osteonecrosis of the jaw related to non-antiresorptive medications: a systematic review
2018
The reporting of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) related to anticancer agents without known antiresorptive properties (non-antiresorptives), such as antiangiogenics, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and cytotoxic chemotherapy is increasing. To review characteristics of ONJ in cancer patients receiving non-antiresorptives. A systematic review of the literature between 2009 and 2017 was conducted by the Bone Study Group of MASCC/ISOO. Of 6249 articles reviewed and from personal communication, 42 ONJ cases related to non-antiresorptives were identified. No gender predilection was noted. Median age was 60 years and ONJ stage 2 wa…
Dental implants placed on bone subjected to vertical alveolar distraction show the same performance as those placed on primitive bone
2013
Introduction: Vertical osteogenic alveolar distraction (VOAD) allows for the augmentation of the alveolar ridge for the placement of dental implants in atrophic alveolar ridges. The goal of this paper is to assess long-term peri-implant bone resorption in implants placed on bones subjected to VOAD, comparing it with a group of patients who had implants placed directly on the alveolar bone without previous bone regeneration. Material and Methods: We conducted a follow-up study on 32 patients who were divided into two groups: The Distraction Group (14 patients), and the Distraction-Free Group (18 patients), who received a total of 100 implants. Peri-implant bone loss was measured by means of …
Expression of Matrix-Degrading Cysteine Proteinase Cathepsin K in Cholesteatoma
2001
Cholesteatoma is a nonneoplastic lesion of the middle ear space or mastoid that is histologically characterized by a progressive bone erosion of the ossicles and surrounding bone. Several matrix-degrading enzymes have been implicated as mediators of this bone erosion. Because the novel cysteine proteinase cathepsin K has been shown to play a central role in bone resorption, we examined the expression of this enzyme in tissue specimens of cholesteatoma. Tissue specimens of 9 patients with cholesteatoma were obtained during middle-ear surgery. Expression of cathepsin K mRNA was determined by RT-PCR using specific primers. Immunohistochemical analysis of cathepsin K protein expression in tissu…
Long-term bony integration and resorption kinetics of a xenogeneic bone substitute after sinus floor augmentation: histomorphometric analyses of huma…
2013
In this case series, a systematic histomorphometric analysis of two human bone biopsy specimens was conducted 1 and 5 years after grafting with a xenogeneic bovine bone substitute material (BSM). While the 1-year specimen still showed extensive signs of an active desmal ossification, the specimen after 5 years mainly showed mature lamellar bone without bone turnover or remodeling. A completed bony integration without extensive resorption of the BSM particles could be detected. Altogether, a good integration in the bone with osteoconduction and a high biocompatibility was seen.