Search results for "Bovine"
showing 10 items of 271 documents
Squaric acid mediated chemoselective PEGylation of proteins: reactivity of single-step-activated α-amino poly(ethylene glycol)s.
2012
The covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to therapeutically active proteins (PEGylation) has become an important method to deal with the pharmacological difficulties of these polypeptides, such as short body-residence times and immunogenicity. However, the derivatives of PEG used for PEGylation lack further functional groups that would allow the addition of targeting or labeling moieties. Squaric acid diethyl ester was used for the chemoselective single-step activation of poly(ethylene glycol)s into the respective ester amides. The resultant selective protein-reactive poly(ethylene glycol)s were investigated with respect to their selectivity towards amino acid residues in bovi…
Pesticides and conservation of large ungulates: Health risk to European bison from plant protection products as a result of crop depredation.
2020
The coexistence of large mammals and humans in the contemporary landscape is a big challenge for conservationists. Wild ungulates that forage on arable fields are exposed to the negative effects of pesticides, and this problem also applies to protected species for which intoxication by pesticides may pose a health risk and directly affect the effectiveness of conservation efforts. In this paper we assessed the threat posed by pesticides to the European bison Bison bonasus, a species successfully restituted after being extinct in the wild. We studied samples of B. bonasus liver from three free-living populations in Poland (Białowieska, Knyszyńska, and Borecka forests) and captive individuals…
Genome-wide identification of runs of homozygosity islands and associated genes in local dairy cattle breeds
2018
Runs of homozygosity (ROH) are widely used as predictors of whole-genome inbreeding levels in cattle. They identify regions that have an unfavorable effect on a phenotype when homozygous, but also identify the genes associated with traits of economic interest present in these regions. Here, the distribution of ROH islands and enriched genes within these regions in four dairy cattle breeds were investigated. Cinisara (71), Modicana (72), Reggiana (168) and Italian Holstein (96) individuals were genotyped using the 50K v2 Illumina BeadChip. The genomic regions most commonly associated with ROHs were identified by selecting the top 1% of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) most commonly…
The LepR-mediated leptin transport across brain barriers controls food reward
2018
Objective Leptin is a key hormone in the control of appetite and body weight. Predominantly produced by white adipose tissue, it acts on the brain to inhibit homeostatic feeding and food reward. Leptin has free access to circumventricular organs, such as the median eminence, but entry into other brain centers is restricted by the blood–brain and blood–CSF barriers. So far, it is unknown for which of its central effects leptin has to penetrate brain barriers. In addition, the mechanisms mediating the transport across barriers are unclear although high expression in brain barriers suggests an important role of the leptin receptor (LepR). Methods We selectively deleted LepR in brain endothelia…
Age-dependent alterations of DNA synthesis. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and DNA polymerase activities in bone marrow subpopulations from mi…
1980
Abstract The decrease of functional capacity of cellular immunity during ageing seems to be due to cellular changes of stem cells, particularly in the growth properties and the cell density in T-cell subsets. We approached this problem at the molecular biological level by quantifying the key enzymes necessary for DNA synthesis in bone marrow cells from mice: deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) and DNA polymerase α. The bone marrow cells were fractionated on a discontinuous bovine serum albumin density gradient and the extractable enzyme activities (expressed per 10 8 nucleated cells in the respective fraction) were determined. TdT activity was found to decrease markedly during ageing. Mature…
Irreversible binding of acrylonitrile to nucleic acids
1983
1. [2,3-14C]Acrylonitrile was incubated with rat-liver microsomes, NADPH and either DNA, RNA or bovine serum albumin. Irreversible binding occurred to the macromolecular targets. Binding was lower when incubations were performed without microsomes. 2. Most of the 14C bound to DNA, RNA or polynucleotides (poly-A, poly-C, poly-G, poly-U) after incubation of [2,3-14C]acrylonitrile with rat-liver microsomes and 'conventional' re-isolation of the nucleic acids was removed from the macromolecular target when subsequently chromatographed on hydroxyapatite. 3. Radioactivity attached to DNA after prolonged non-enzymic incubations with [2,3-14C]acrylonitrile was also removed from the DNA by chromatog…
In activated mast cells, IL-1 up-regulates the production of several Th2-related cytokines including IL-9.
2000
Abstract Mast cells can play detrimental roles in the pathophysiology and mortality observed in anaphylaxis and other Th2-dominated allergic diseases. In contrast, these cells contribute to protective host defense mechanisms against parasitic worm infections. After IgE/Ag activation, mast cells can produce multiple cytokines that may enhance allergic inflammations, while a similar panel of Th2-related cytokines may support immunological strategies against parasites. Here we report that in primary mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells activated by ionomycin or IgE/Ag, the proinflammatory mediator IL-1 (α or β) up-regulated production of IL-3, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-9 as well as TNF, i.e., cytokin…
Molecular epidemiology and whole genome sequencing analysis of clinical Mycobacterium bovis from Ghana
2019
[Background]: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) caused by Mycobacterium bovis is a re-emerging problem in both livestock and humans. The association of some M. bovis strains with hyper-virulence, MDR-TB and disseminated disease makes it imperative to understand the biology of the pathogen.
EFFECTS OF CROMAKALIM (BRL-34915) IN TRACHEA ISOLATED FROM ACTIVELY SENSITIZED GUINEA-PIGS
1993
Abstract The effects of cromakalim were examined in tracheal strips isolated from normal (unsensitized) guinea-pigs and from animals actively sensitized to bovine serum albumin. Sensitized tracheae exhibited hyper-responsiveness to KCl, acetylcholine and histamine. In normal and sensitized tracheae, cromakalim (0·01–10 μm) produced a concentration-related suppression of spontaneous tone. The ability of cromakalim to relax tracheal strips was reduced when tone was raised by KCl (25 Mm), acetylcholine (0·1 Mm) or histamine (0·1 Mm) and lost against KCl (120 Mm)-induced spasm. Procaine (5 Mm) abolished the relaxant effect of cromakalim whilst tetraethylammonium (8 Mm) was without effect. These…
Fine-tuning DNA/albumin polyelectrolyte interactions to produce the efficient transfection agent cBSA-147.
2010
We present the preparation and isolation of different chemically modified BSA species with varying numbers of primary amino groups at the surface. Highly cationic albumin proteins with increased numbers of amino groups were achieved and complex formation with plasmid DNA was carefully investigated. We compare the transfection results, polyelectrolyte complexes morphologies with their impact on complex stabilities, cytotoxicities and DNA accessibility. This knowledge-driven approach led to the identification of the efficient non-viral DNA delivery agent cBSA-147, which showed high transfection efficacies and stability.