Search results for "Brain"
showing 10 items of 3997 documents
Triune brain's mechanisms of thought and behavior, death awareness, and origin of religion in early humans.
2008
According to ethological point of view, the most important religious displays consist in the gathering of several human groups who perform repeated and prolonged demonstrations of submission toward dominant individuals. These dominant individuals take different forms in each culture but they share some characteristics including an immense power. For what concerns the genesis, in human mind, of the ideas of such immense power beings, some scholars, as Freud (Totem und tabu, 1913), felt that such beings could be the projection result of the figure of the “primordial horde’s father” in a super- human world. In The Naked Ape (1967), Morris has proposed a sort of biological updating of the Freud…
Evolutionary and neurobiological bases of theism
2009
According to evolutionary psychology, all human behaviours are a product of internal mechanisms in conjunction with inputs that cause activation of those mechanisms: no mechanism, no behaviour; no input, no behaviour. From an ethological point of view, the most important religious behaviours consist in the gathering of humans who perform demonstrations of submission toward supernatural individuals endowed with an immense power. About the genesis of the ideas of such beings, Freud felt that they could be the projection result of the “primordial horde’s father” in a super-human world. Subsequently Morris has proposed that divine beings risult from the projection of the figure of the dominant …
Astrocytes in culture express the full-length Trk-B receptor and respond to brain derived neurotrophic factor by changing intracellular calcium level…
2000
Abstract Although cultured astroglial cells were reported to express exclusively the truncated non-catalytic Trk B receptor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), we detect here, using a sensitive ribonuclease protection assay, mRNAs for both truncated (TrkB–T) and the full length catalytic (TrkB–fl) form of BDNF receptor in developing cortical astrocytes and neurons in culture. Cortical neurons and immature astroglia, such as radial glia and proliferating astrocytes, express both the protein and mRNAs for TrkB-fl and TrkB-T, whereas the differentiation of astrocytes leads to a decrease in the trkB-fl mRNA, being the truncated TrkB the predominant receptor in differentiating and conf…
European evidence-based recommendations for clinical assessment of upper limb in neurorehabilitation (CAULIN): data synthesis from systematic reviews…
2021
Abstract Background Technology-supported rehabilitation can help alleviate the increasing need for cost-effective rehabilitation of neurological conditions, but use in clinical practice remains limited. Agreement on a core set of reliable, valid and accessible outcome measures to assess rehabilitation outcomes is needed to generate strong evidence about effectiveness of rehabilitation approaches, including technologies. This paper collates and synthesizes a core set from multiple sources; combining existing evidence, clinical practice guidelines and expert consensus into European recommendations for Clinical Assessment of Upper Limb In Neurorehabilitation (CAULIN). Methods Data from systema…
Pervasive access to MRI bias artifact suppression service on a grid.
2009
Bias artifact corrupts magnetic resonance images in such a way that the image is afflicted by illumination variations. Some of the authors proposed the Exponential Entropy Driven - Homomorphic Unsharp Masking (E2D-HUM) algorithm that corrects this artifact without any a priori hypothesis about the tissues or the Magnetic Resonance image modality. Moreover, E2D-HUM does not care about the body part under examination and does not require any particular training task. People who want to use this algorithm, which is Matlab-based, have to set their own computers in order to execute it. Furthermore, they have to be Matlab-skilled to exploit all the features of the algorithm. In our work we propos…
Direct activation of zebrafish neurons by ultrasonic stimulation revealed by whole CNS calcium imaging
2020
Abstract Objective. Ultrasounds (US) use in neural engineering is so far mainly limited to ablation through high intensity focused ultrasound, but interesting preliminary results show that low intensity low frequency ultrasound could be used instead to modulate neural activity. However, the extent of this modulatory ability of US is still unclear, as in in vivo studies it is hard to disentangle the contribution to neural responses of direct activation of the neuron by US stimulation and indirect activation due either to sensory response to mechanical stimulation associated to US, or to propagation of activity from neighboring areas. Here, we aim to show how to separate the three effects and…
New Insights into the Anterior Complex
2020
<b><i>Objective:</i></b> To introduce visualization of the germinal matrix (GM), external angle of the frontal horn, and periventricular white matter while evaluating the anterior complex (AC) during basic ultrasound assessment of the fetal brain. <b><i>Case Presentations:</i></b> This is a retrospective observational study of healthy women with singleton pregnancies, with no increased risk of fetal central nervous system anomalies, attending routine ultrasound screening at 20–32 weeks’ gestation. Seventeen cases are presented in which an abnormal aspect of the GM or external angle of the frontal horn or periventricular white matter on AC eval…
ERP denoising in multichannel EEG data using contrasts between signal and noise subspaces
2009
Abstract In this paper, a new method intended for ERP denoising in multichannel EEG data is discussed. The denoising is done by separating ERP/noise subspaces in multidimensional EEG data by a linear transformation and the following dimension reduction by ignoring noise components during inverse transformation. The separation matrix is found based on the assumption that ERP sources are deterministic for all repetitions of the same type of stimulus within the experiment, while the other noise sources do not obey the determinancy property. A detailed derivation of the technique is given together with the analysis of the results of its application to a real high-density EEG data set. The inter…
Methylation status of VTRNA2-1/nc886 is stable across populations, monozygotic twin pairs and in majority of tissues.
2022
Aims & methods: The aim of this study was to characterize the methylation level of a polymorphically imprinted gene, VTRNA2-1/nc886, in human populations and somatic tissues.48 datasets, consisting of more than 30 tissues and >30,000 individuals, were used. Results: nc886 methylation status is associated with twin status and ethnic background, but the variation between populations is limited. Monozygotic twin pairs present concordant methylation, whereas similar to 30% of dizygotic twin pairs present discordant methylation in the nc886 locus. The methylation levels of nc886 are uniform across somatic tissues, except in cerebellum and skeletal muscle. Conclusion: The nc886 imprint may be est…
Blogu lietojums rindkopu rakstīšanas prasmju mācīšanā
2015
Blogu integrēšana angļu valodas studijās ir viens no veidiem kā uzlabot digitālās prasmes, kuru nozīme turpina pieaugt. Šī pētījuma mērķis bija noskaidrot bloga kā interaktīva ideju ģenerēšanas rīka lietojuma efektivitāti angļu valodas nodarbībās kurās tiek mācīta cēloņa-rezultāta un argumentācijas rindkopu rakstīšana, kas paredzēta publicēšanai blogā. Izmantojot situācijas analīzes pētijuma metodi tika pierādīts izvirzītais pieņēmums, ka rakstītprasmju mācīšanā blogus var efektīvi iekļaut kā komunikatīvu ideju ģenerēšanas rīku. Rezultāti atklāja, ka blogi ir intraktīvi un praktiski saziņas līdzekļi, kurus var izmantot rakstīšanas prasmju pilnveidē, kā arī, lai palielinātu studentu motivāci…