Search results for "CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE"
showing 10 items of 2332 documents
Caffeine and cardiovascular diseases: critical review of current research.
2015
Caffeine is a most widely consumed physiological stimulant worldwide, which is consumed via natural sources, such as coffee and tea, and now marketed sources such as energy drinks and other dietary supplements. This wide use has led to concerns regarding the safety of caffeine and its proposed beneficial role in alertness, performance and energy expenditure and side effects in the cardiovascular system. The question remains "Which dose is safe?", as the population does not appear to adhere to the strict guidelines listed on caffeine consumption. Studies in humans and animal models yield controversial results, which can be explained by population, type and dose of caffeine and low statistica…
Inclisiran: a small interfering RNA strategy targeting PCSK9 to treat hypercholesterolemia
2022
Introduction: Inclisiran is a novel posttranscriptional gene silencing therapy that inhibits proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) synthesis by RNA interference and has a potent, dose-dependent, durable effect in lowering LDL-C, and therefore is an effective drug to treat dyslipidemia, reducing the risk for acute cardiovascular (CV) events. It is safe and well-tolerated. Areas covered: This paper aims to review the mechanism of action of inclisiran while evaluating its efficacy and safety in the treatment of dyslipidemia from data of the clinical trials in the ORION program. Expert opinion: Data from the clinical trials in the ORION program demonstrated efficacy and safety o…
LDL and HDL subfractions, dysfunctional HDL: treatment options.
2014
Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are considered as important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), while highdensity lipoproteins (HDL) are well recognized for their putative role in reverse cholesterol transport and other atheroprotective functions. Both LDL and HDL are heterogeneous in nature, including various subfractions depending on the method of isolation (≥ 7 LDL and 10 HDL subspecies, respectively). While it is established that small, dense LDL (sdLDL) have atherogenic potential, the role of different HDL subfractions is still largely unclear. The majority of clinical studies suggest an atheroprotective role of larger HDL particles, although recent work has highlighted the…
Nutraceuticals and dyslipidaemia: Beyond the common therapeutics
2014
Dyslipidaemia accelerates the atherosclerotic process and its morbid consequences; statins represent the evidence-based treatment of choice for reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and decreasing cardiovascular events. Unfortunately, statins are frequently not available for several reasons, including intolerance, side effects or, simply, patient preference. Nutraceuticals and functional food ingredients that are beneficial to vascular health may represent useful compounds that are able to reduce the overall cardiovascular risk induced by dyslipidaemia by acting parallel to statins or as adjuvants in case of failure or in situations where statins cannot be used. The mechanisms…
Consenso Delphi sobre el diagnóstico y manejo de la dislipidemia en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica: análisis post-hoc del estudio DIANA
2016
Resumen Antecedentes y objetivos: Este estudio post hoc analizó la percepción de la importancia de la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) en el cribado de la dislipidemia y en la elección del tratamiento con estatinas entre médicos de Atención Primaria (MAP) y otras especialidades mediante cuestionario Delphi. Métodos: El cuestionario incluyó 4 bloques de preguntas alrededor del paciente dislipémico con alteración del metabolismo hidrocarbonado. Aquí se presentan los resultados relacionados con la consideración de la ERC en el cribado y la elección de la estatina. Resultados: De los 497 expertos incluidos, el 58% eran MAP y el 42%, especialistas (35, el 7%, nefrólogos). Hubo consenso en realizar…
Deformation Imaging by Strain in Chronic Heart Failure Over Sacubitril-Valsartan: A Multicenter Echocardiographic Registry
2022
Aims: Sacubitril/valsartan has changed the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), due to the positive effects on morbidity and mortality, partly mediated by left ventricular (LV) reverse remodelling (LVRR). The aim of this multicenter study was to identify echocardiographic predictors of LVRR after sacubitril/valsartan administration. Methods and results: Patients with HFrEF requiring therapy with sacubitril/valsartan from 13 Italian centres were included. Echocardiographic parameters including LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) and global peak atrial longitudinal strain by speckle tracking echocardiography were measured to find the predictors of LVRR [= LV end-…
Epicardial-limited electrophysiological heterogeneities do not facilitate ventricular arrhythmia induction. An experimental study
2015
The electrophysiological heterogeneities of the myocardium are associated with vulnerability to arrhythmias. This study presents an experimental heterogeneity model based on local epicardial cooling/warming.
Chameleonic appearance of caseous calcification of the mitral valve – still a problem for its appropriate management
2021
According to the research literature, the caseous calcification of the mitral annulus (CCMA) is a rare variant of the mitral annulus calcification (MAC) entity, described mostly in elderly women. The aim of this study was to present the case of a 53-year-old female patient with caseous calcification of the mitral valve annulus and posterior cusp, which was diagnosed as papillary fibroelastoma. An echo-dense and quasi-homogeneous tumoral mass, measuring 1.6/1.4 cm, at the level of the posterior mitral ring was detected by echocardiographic examination, as well as by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Histopathological analysis revealed fibrous connective tissue with myxoid areas, hyal…
The Effect of Periodontal Treatment on the Reactive Hyperemia Index. A 1-Year Follow-Up Pilot Study
2022
BackgroundPeriodontitis is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease of the supportive tissues of the teeth. In more recent years, remarkable epidemiological and pathophysiological associations between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been presented. Whether or not treatment of periodontitis is valuable for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease, has not yet been fully established. In this practice-based pilot study we focused on primary prevention of cardiovascular disease, by investigating the effect of periodontal treatment on the earliest detectable stage of CVD; endothelial dysfunction.MethodsOtherwise healthy periodontitis and non-periodontiti…
Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Lipoprotein(a): A Gordian Knot in Cardiovascular Prevention
2022
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is the most frequent genetic disorder resulting in increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels from childhood, leading to premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) if left untreated. FH diagnosis is based on clinical criteria and/or genetic testing and its prevalence is estimated as being up to 1:300,000-400,000 for the homozygous and similar to 1:200-300 for the heterozygous form. Apart from its late diagnosis, FH is also undertreated, despite the available lipid-lowering therapies. In addition, elevated lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) (>50 mg/dL; 120 nmol/L), mostly genetically determined, has been identified as an important car…