Search results for "CD8"

Microparticles: Modulators and biomarkers of liver disease

2012

Division of Molecular and Translational Medicine,Dept. of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, GermanyEmerging role of microparticlesMicroparticles (MP) have gained increasing attention as biomark-ers for various diseases. First described as platelet dust, MP wereregarded as unspecific debris [1]. However, it has become appar-ent that cell derived MP or ectosomes represent a novel route ofhorizontal communication between cells. MP are between 100–1000 nm in size and generated through cell membrane shedding(ectocytosis), a process that can be triggered by the activation ofthe complement C5b-9 complex, as shown for platelet derivedMP, or by inhibition of flippase activitythroughCa

2013

In multiple sclerosis (MS) autoaggressive T effector cells (Teff) are not efficiently controlled by regulatory T cells (Treg) but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Proinflammatory cytokines are key factors facilitating Teff activity in chronic inflammation. Here we investigated the influence of IL-6 on Treg sensitivity of Teff from therapy-naive MS patients with or without active disease. Compared to healthy volunteers and independent of disease course CD4+ and especially CD8+ MS-Teff were insensitive against functional active Treg from healthy controls. This unresponsiveness was caused by accelerated production of IL-6, elevated IL-6 receptor expression and phosphoryla…

The transcription factor Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 is required for the generation of protective effector CD8 + T cells

2013

Robust cytotoxic CD8 + T-cell response is important for immunity to intracellular pathogens. Here, we show that the transcription factor IFN Regulatory Factor 4 (IRF4) is crucial for the protective CD8 + T-cell response to the intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes . IRF4-deficient ( Irf4 −/− ) mice could not clear L. monocytogenes infection and generated decreased numbers of L. monocytogenes -specific CD8 + T cells with impaired effector phenotype and function. Transfer of wild-type CD8 + T cells into Irf4 −/− mice improved bacterial clearance, suggesting an intrinsic defect of CD8 + T cells in Irf4 −/− mice. Following transfer into wild-type recipients, Irf4 −/− CD8 + T cells bec…

Monocyte-derived dendritic cells of patients with coronary artery disease show an increased expression of costimulatory molecules CD40, CD80 and CD86…

2007

Background Atherosclerosis is a disease triggered by diverse exogenous stimuli and sustained by chronic inflammatory processes. Dendritic cells (DCs) are key regulatory antigen-presenting cells and play a crucial role in regulating the adaptive and innate immune system in any chronic inflammatory process. DCs are present in atherosclerotic lesions in the areas of the highest T-cell density. So far, their role in atherosclerosis has not been fully elucidated. We investigated the phenotypic properties of DCs in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) in comparison to healthy individuals. Methods Peripheral blood monocytes were isolated from 50 patients with CAD and 19 healthy individuals …

Particle-Mediated Gene Transfer into Dendritic Cells: A Novel Strategy for the Induction of Immune Responses against Tumor Antigens

2003

The expression of a foreign protein in the skin following direct in vivo gene transfer results in the induction of potent cellular and humoral immune responses. This strategy, now known as genetic or DNA immunization, was first described by Johnston et al. in 1992. They reported that bombardment of murine skin with an expression plasmid encoding human growth hormone coated onto microscopic gold particles using a gene gun resulted not only in the systemic delivery of the molecule, but also in the induction of antigenspecific antibody responses (1). It is now well established that DNA immunization by particle-mediated gene transfer promotes broad-based and long-lasting antigen-specific immune…

Circulating specific antibodies enhance systemic cross-priming by delivery of complexed antigen to dendritic cells in vivo

2012

Increasing evidence suggests that antibodies can have stimulatory effects on T-cell immunity. However, the contribution of circulating antigen-specific antibodies on MHC class I cross-priming in vivo has not been conclusively established. Here, we defined the role of circulating antibodies in cross-presentation of antigen to CD8(+) T cells. Mice with hapten-specific circulating antibodies, but naϊve for the T-cell antigen, were infused with haptenated antigen and CD8(+) T-cell induction was measured. Mice with circulating hapten-specific antibodies showed significantly enhanced cross-presentation of the injected antigen compared with mice that lacked these antibodies. The enhanced cross-pre…

Charting the Drosophila neuropile: a strategy for the standardised characterisation of genetically amenable neurites

2003

Insect neurons are individually identifiable and have been used successfully to study principles of the formation and function of neuronal circuits. In the fruitfly Drosophila, studies on identifiable neurons can be combined with efficient genetic approaches. However, to capitalise on this potential for studies of circuit formation in the CNS of Drosophila embryos or larvae, we need to identify pre- and postsynaptic elements of such circuits and describe the neuropilar territories they occupy. Here, we present a strategy for neurite mapping, using a set of evenly distributed landmarks labelled by commercially available anti-Fasciclin2 antibodies which remain comparatively constant between s…

Morphological Characterization of the Entire Interneuron Population Reveals Principles of Neuromere Organization in the Ventral Nerve Cord ofDrosophi…

2011

Decisive contributions to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of the nervous system have been made by studies performed at the level of single, identified cells in the fruit flyDrosophila. While all the motor neurons and glial cells in thoracic and abdominal segments of theDrosophilaembryo have been individually identified, few of the interneurons, which comprise the vast majority of cells in the CNS, have been characterized at this level. We have applied a single cell labeling technique to carry out a detailed morphological characterization of the entire population of interneurons in abdominal segments A1–A7. Based on the definition of a set of spatial parameters…

P33 Up-regulation of FOXP3 T regulatory lymphocytes in patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions correlated with HPV infection

2019

Introduction/Background Regulatory (FOXP3+) T cells (Tregs) comprise a subpopulation of CD4+ T cells that suppress autoreactive immune cells, thereby protecting organs and tissues from autoimmunity. Novel therapeutic strategies for cervical cancer and squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) focus on immune-modulatory and cancer vaccination approaches. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of T regulatory cells (Tregs), CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes and HPV status in low and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL and HSIL). Methodology 62 patients were enrolled in the study in Riga East University Hospital. Each patient had undergone a biopsy or electroexcision of the cervix. T…

P.21.2 New insights into eosinophilic fasciitis

2013

Eosinophilic fasciitis (EF), first described by Shulman in 1974, is a rare disease characterized by fibrosis and inflammatory infiltration of the muscle fascia as well as scleroderma-like skin indurations and blood eosinophilia. In contrast to other inflammatory myopathies, patients generally show less muscle weakness and myalgia, and a frequent increase in body weight. Thus, we hypothesize a unique immune mechanism underlying Shulman syndrome. The immunohistochemical expression pattern of leucocytes and a comprehensive panel of cytokine and chemokine expression on RNA level of muscle specimen from EF patients were compared to healthy control muscle. In patients with biopsy-proven EF the im…