Search results for "CEM"

showing 10 items of 3487 documents

The proton complex of a diaza-macropentacycle: structure, slow formation, and chirality induction by ion pairing with the optically active 1,1'-binap…

2008

The protonation of a sterically crowded [N2S6] macropentacycle (1) with 1 equiv of CF3SO3H in CDCl3 is slow and gives the singly (oo(+) [1 x H](+)) and doubly (o(+)o(+) [1 x 2H](2+)) protonated forms as kinetic products, the i(+)o form of [1 x H](+) being the thermodynamic product. i(+)o [1 x H](+) is C3 helically chiral in the solid state and in solution. The barrier to racemization (DeltaG(double dagger)) of the [1 x H](+) propeller is71 kJ mol(-1). The ammonium proton is encapsulated in the tetrahedral coordination sphere provided by the endo (i) nitrogen bridgehead atom and the three proximal thioether sulfurs, which makes [1 x H](+) a proton complex. Use of the optically active acid (R…

Steric effects[CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry010405 organic chemistryStereochemistryChemistryOrganic ChemistryKineticsProtonation010402 general chemistry01 natural sciencesMedicinal chemistry0104 chemical sciences3. Good healthIonReaction rate[ CHIM.ORGA ] Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistryMoleculeChirality (chemistry)RacemizationComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
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ChemInform Abstract: Two Strained Hexahelicenophanes.

2000

The crystal structures of the [6]­helicenes 4,13-(1,10-deca­methyl­ene­dioxy)­hexahelicene, C36H34O2, (I), and 4,13-(1,8-octa­methyl­ene­dioxy)­hexahelicene, C34H30O2, (II), show strong steric interactions between the terminal benzene rings and the poly­methyl­ene­dioxy chains. The shortest ring A and F distances amount to 2.941 (3) and 2.902 (3) A, respectively. The increased steric energy of the ground state is responsible for a significantly lower racemization barrier of (I) and (II) in comparison to the unsubstituted [6]­helicene.

Steric effectschemistry.chemical_compoundCrystallographyHelicenechemistryGeneral MedicineCrystal structureGround stateRing (chemistry)BenzeneRacemizationChemInform
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A Theoretical Learning Model Combining Stochastic Cellular Automata and Economic Indicators to Simulate Land Use Change

2015

The study of change in land use has been included in territorial planning to inform spatial planners and policy makers of the possible developments they face in order to optimize future management decisions. In this paper the authors present the core of an original learning model coupling stochastic Cellular Automata and economic indicators to simulate the land use change. This model is an important step in building an “environmental virtual laboratory” to explore, explain and forecast land use change.

Stochastic cellular automatonEconomic indicatorLand useOperations researchComputer scienceStochastic modellingManagement scienceVirtual LaboratoryReinforcement learningLand use land-use change and forestryCellular automatonInternational Journal of Applied Evolutionary Computation
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Crack growth analysis at adhesive–adherent interface in bonded joints under mixed mode I/II

2008

The propagation of an interface crack subjected to mixed mode I/II was investigated for two 2024-T351 aluminum thin layers joined by means of DP760 epoxy adhesive produced by 3M©. On the basis of beam theory, an analytical expression for computing the energy release rate is presented for the mixed-mode end loaded split (MMELS) test. The analytical strain energy release rate was compared by finite element (FE) analysis using the virtual crack closure technique (VCCT). Several fatigue crack growth tests were carried out in a plane bending machine to compare the experimental energy release rates to those of the analytical and FE solutions. Experimental results showed the relationship between t…

Strain energy release rateMaterials sciencebusiness.industryMechanical EngineeringDelaminationCrack tip opening displacementFracture mechanicsStructural engineeringParis' lawCrack growth resistance curveCrack closureMechanics of Materialsmental disordersGeneral Materials ScienceAdhesiveComposite materialbusiness
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Micro- to macro-scale internal structures, diagenesis and petrophysical evolution of injectite networks in the Vocontian Basin (France): implications…

2015

27 pages; International audience; This study discusses the characteristics of two Lower Cretaceous injectite networks in the Vocontian Basin (SE France) using combined structural, sedimentary, diagenetic, and petrophysical analyses. Internal structures, at both the macro- and micro-scale, and diagenetic phases characterising these injectite networks have been described. Simultaneously, precementation porosity values were estimated and parameters controlling the geographical distributions of these values were analysed and statistically tested. All of the data were integrated so as to reconstruct the spatial evolution of the porosity from the time of injection to modern times through five maj…

StratigraphyMineralogyCataclastic rockOceanography[ SDU.STU.ST ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/StratigraphyCretaceousDiagenesischemistry.chemical_compoundPetrologyPorosityLithificationDeformation structures[ SDU.STU.PE ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/PetrographyPetrophysicsGeologyDiagenesisVocontian BasinGeophysicschemistryFluid flowMinus-cement porosityCarbonateEconomic GeologyDeformation bandsSedimentary rockInjectitesGeology
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Experimental investigation on BFRCM confinement of masonry cylinders and comparison with BFRP system

2021

Abstract Fabric reinforced cementitious mortar (FRCM) materials have started to be employed during the last years with the aim of overcoming the drawbacks related to the use of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites, proving to be potentially suitable for strengthening masonry structures. Moreover, the will to develop materials able to guarantee a certain degree of sustainability without renouncing to adequate mechanical properties has drawn the attention to the use of basalt fibres, which appear to be a valid alternative to carbon or glass fibres. This work presents an experimental investigation on a basalt FRCM (BFRCM) system to confine circular masonry columns, aimed at evaluating the…

Strengthening and repairDigital image correlationTextileMaterials scienceDigital image correlation (DIC)0211 other engineering and technologiesUniaxial compression020101 civil engineering02 engineering and technology0201 civil engineering021105 building & constructionBasalt FRCM Confinement Digital image correlation (DIC) Masonry cylinders Strengthening and repairGeneral Materials ScienceMasonry cylindersBasalt FRCMCivil and Structural Engineeringbusiness.industryBuilding and ConstructionStructural engineeringFibre-reinforced plasticMasonrySettore ICAR/09 - Tecnica Delle CostruzioniClay brickCementitiousMortarbusinessConfinement
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Reactive Surface Coatings Based on Polysilsesquioxanes: Controlled Functionalization for Specific Protein Immobilization

2009

The key designing in reliable biosensors is the preparation of thin films in which biomolecular functions may be immobilized and addressed in a controlled and reproducible manner. This requires the controlled preparation of specific binding sites on planar surfaces. Poly(methylsilsesquioxane)-poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylates) (PMSSQ-PFPA) are promising materials to produce stable and adherent thin reactive coatings on various substrates. Those reactive surface coatings could be applied onto various materials, for example, gold, polycarbonate (PC), poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE), and glass. By dipping those substrates in a solution of a desired amine, specific binding sites for protein ads…

StreptavidinMaterials sciencePolymersSurface PropertiesBiotinInfrared spectroscopyMicroscopy Atomic Forcechemistry.chemical_compoundAdsorptionSpectroscopy Fourier Transform InfraredElectrochemistryOrganic chemistryBiotinylationOrganosilicon CompoundsGeneral Materials ScienceFourier transform infrared spectroscopySurface plasmon resonanceFuransPolytetrafluoroethyleneSpectroscopyPolycarboxylate CementTemperaturetechnology industry and agricultureProteinsSurfaces and InterfacesCondensed Matter PhysicsAmidesQuaternary Ammonium CompoundsModels ChemicalchemistryChemical engineeringSurface modificationGlassBiosensorProtein adsorptionLangmuir
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The structure of reactive grain-boundaries under stress containing confined fluids

2006

We present numerical experiments on structure development in grain-boundaries during dissolution–precipitation creep. Two solids that are represented by an elastic spring configuration are pressed together with a compressible fluid in the grain-boundary. The solid can dissolve or precipitate depending on elastic and surface energy as well as fluid pressure and concentration of dissolved material in the fluid. We perform a number of numerical experiments with different starting configurations that represent a large-scale island-channel interface with solid–solid contacts across the islands, a rough grain-boundary interface with a fluid along the whole interface and a smooth thin-film interfa…

Stress (mechanics)CreepGeochemistry and PetrologyGeologyGrain boundaryMechanicsPressure solutionDisplacement (fluid)DissolutionGeologySurface energyNeckingChemical Geology
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Quasi-Ductile Behaviour of Carbon-Reinforced Carbon

1991

Firstly a brief review of the problem of a “ductilization” of ceramic materials by endless-fiber reinforcement is given. The problems, especially the influence of the frictional stress in the fiber-matrix interface, are pointed out for the unidirectionally reinforced ceramic matrix composite (CMC) system LAS/SiC, which is well documented in the literature.

Stress (mechanics)Notch rootMaterials sciencechemistrychemistry.chemical_elementComposite materialReinforcementCeramic matrix compositeCarbon
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Absolute Hyperglycemia versus Stress Hyperglycemia Ratio for the Prognosis of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in the First Months of the Pandemic…

2022

Diabetes is a risk factor for greater severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) is an independent predictor of critical illness, and it is reported to have a stronger association than absolute hyperglycemia. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of absolute hyperglycemia and SHR with the severity of COVID-19, since there are no studies investigating SHR in patients with COVID-19. We conducted a retrospective observational study on hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in the first months of the pandemic, regarding absolute hyperglycemia, SHR, and severity outcomes. Of the 374 patients, 28.1% had a previous diagnosis of type 2 diabetes…

Stress hyperglycemia ratioHyperglycemiaEndocrinology Diabetes and MetabolismDiabetesInternal MedicineCOVID-19HCC ENDCOVID-19 Diabetes Hyperglycemia Prognosis Stress hyperglycemia ratioDiabetes Therapy
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