Search results for "CHON"
showing 10 items of 1866 documents
Neuroactive compounds produced by bacteria from the marine sponge Halichondria panicea: activation of the neuronal NMDA receptor
1998
Abstract Previous studies revealed that the marine sponge Halichondria panicea habors symbiotic- and commensalic bacteria ( Althoff et al., 1998 . Marine Biol. 130, 529–536). In the present study the hypothesis was tested whether some of those bacteria synthesize neuroactive compounds. For the first time the effect of bacterial bioactive compounds on the neuronal ionotropic glutamate receptors [iGluR], subtype N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) receptor, was checked. In cortical neurons from rats as cell system the supernatant of two bacterial cultures isolated from H. panicea proved to agonize the NMDA receptor. The response of the NMDA receptor to the bioactive compounds was determined by mea…
Swelling properties of the mitochondria of unfertilized and newly fertilized sea urchin eggs
1957
Mitocondri isolati da uova vergini e appena fecondate diParacentrotus lividus sono stati trattati con soluzioni di saccarosio a concentrazioni decrescenti, a partire da 0,5M, e con Duponol. Si e trovato che nelle soluzioni ipotoniche il rigonfiamento dei mitocondri e notevolmente maggiore per quelli preparati da uova vergini che per quelli preparati da uova fecondate. Anche al trattamento con Duponol sono piu sensibili i mitocondri delle uova vergini.
Mitochondrial basis of the anti-arrhythmic action of lidocaine and modulation by the n-6 to n-3 PUFA ratio of cardiac phospholipids
2012
The aim of this study was to evaluate the involvement of mitochondria in the mechanism of the anti-arrhythmic lidocaine. Rats were fed with a diet containing either n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs, SSO group) or an equimolecular mixture of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs (FO group) for 8 weeks. The hearts were perfused according to the working mode using a medium with or without lidocaine 5 μM. They were then subjected to local ischemia (20 min) and reperfusion (30 min). Dietary n-3 PUFAs triggered the expected decrease in the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio of cardiac phospholipids. Reperfusing the ischemic area favored the incidence of severe arrhythmias. Lidocaine treatment abolished almost completely reper…
Zur Wirkung von Butazolidin auf Glutamins�ure-dehydrogenase und ?-Ketoglutarat-oxydase
1957
Glutamic dehydrogenase of rat liver mitochondria is inhibited by phenylbutazone at a final concentration of 2,5 mg-% (0,81 · 10−4 M). However, glutamic dehydrogenase in heart muscle homogenate and the cristalline enzyme from liver are not inhibited by phenylbutazone up to 10 mg-% (3,24 · 10−4 M), but they are inhibited by a metabolite arising during incubation of liver mitochondria with phenylbutazone.
Perspectives and Potential Applications of Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants in Cardiometabolic Diseases and Type 2 Diabetes
2013
There is abundant evidence to suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction is a main cause of insulin resistance and related cardiometabolic comorbidities. On the other hand, insulin resistance is one of the main characteristics of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Lipid and glucose metabolism require mitochondria to generate energy, and when O2 consumption is low due to inefficient nutrient oxidation, there is an increase in reactive oxygen species, which can impair different types of molecules, including DNA, lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, thereby inducing proinflammatory processes. Factors which contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction, such as mitochondrial biogenesis and…
Phylogeny and classification of poison frogs (Amphibia: dendrobatidae), based on mitochondrial 16S and 12S ribosomal RNA gene sequences.
2000
An analysis of partial sequences of the 16S ribosomal rRNA gene (582 bp) of 20 poison frog species (Dendrobatidae) confirmed their phylogenetic relationships to bufonid and leptodactylid frogs. Representatives of the ranoid families and subfamilies Raninae, Mantellinae, Petropedetinae, Cacosterninae, Arthroleptidae, Astylosternidae, and Microhylidae did not cluster as sister group of the Dendrobatidae. Similar results were obtained in an analysis using a partial sequence of the 12S gene (350 bp) in a reduced set of taxa and in a combined analysis. Within the Dendrobatidae, our data supported monophyly of the genus Phyllobates but indicated paraphyly of Epipedobates and Colostethus. Minyobat…
Chemical abundances determined from meteor spectra II. Evidence for enlarged sodium abundances in meteoroids
2004
9 pages, 5 figures.-- Printed version published Mar 2004.
DIRECT EVIDENCE FOR CONDENSATION IN THE EARLY SOLAR SYSTEM AND IMPLICATIONS FOR NEBULAR COOLING RATES
2009
We have identified in an acid resistant residue of the carbonaceous chondrite Murchison a large number (458) of highly refractory metal nuggets (RMNs) that once were most likely hosted by Ca,Al-rich inclusions (CAIs). While osmium isotopic ratios of two randomly selected particles rule out a presolar origin, the bulk chemistry of 88 particles with sizes in the submicron range determined by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy shows striking agreement with predictions of single-phase equilibrium condensation calculations. Both chemical composition and morphology strongly favor a condensation origin. Particularly important is the presence of structurally incompatible elements in particl…
The MAVS Immune Recognition Pathway in Viral Infection and Sepsis.
2021
Significance: It is estimated that close to 50 million cases of sepsis result in over 11 million annual fatalities worldwide. The pathognomonic feature of sepsis is a dysregulated inflammatory response arising from viral, bacterial, or fungal infections. Immune recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns is a hallmark of the host immune defense to combat microbes and to prevent the progression to sepsis. Mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) is a ubiquitous adaptor protein located at the outer mitochondrial membrane, which is activated by the cytosolic pattern recognition receptors, retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation associated gene 5 (M…
Molecular Mechanisms of the Crosstalk Between Mitochondria and NADPH Oxidase Through Reactive Oxygen Species—Studies in White Blood Cells and in Anim…
2014
Aims: Oxidative stress is involved in the development of cardiovascular disease. There is a growing body of evidence for a crosstalk between different enzymatic sources of oxidative stress. With the present study, we sought to determine the underlying crosstalk mechanisms, the role of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), and its link to endothelial dysfunction. Results: NADPH oxidase (Nox) activation (oxidative burst and translocation of cytosolic Nox subunits) was observed in response to mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) formation in human leukocytes. In vitro, mtROS-induced Nox activation was prevented by inhibitors of the mPTP, protein kinase C, tyrosine kin…