Search results for "CHON"
showing 10 items of 1866 documents
Advancing stem cells: New therapeutic strategies for treating central nervous system disorders
2018
In this special issue, we explore new methods and knowledge to improve stem cell transplantation in diseases and conditions such as stroke, PD, and depression. Advancing the conventional idea regarding cell replacement in stem cell therapy, stem cells may also transfer healthy mitochondria to diseased ischemic neurons in stroke and improve the therapeutic time window of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in a conjunctive therapy for stroke, and human Wharton’s Jelly-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hWJ-MSCs) may rely mainly on trophic factor secretion to induce neuroprotective effects. In addition, trophic factors such as neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic …
The NG2 Proteoglycan Protects Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells against Oxidative Stress via Interaction with OMI/HtrA2.
2015
The NG2 proteoglycan is characteristically expressed by oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC) and also by aggressive brain tumours highly resistant to chemo- and radiation therapy. Oligodendrocyte-lineage cells are particularly sensitive to stress resulting in cell death in white matter after hypoxic or ischemic insults of premature infants and destruction of OPC in some types of Multiple Sclerosis lesions. Here we show that the NG2 proteoglycan binds OMI/HtrA2, a mitochondrial serine protease which is released from damaged mitochondria into the cytosol in response to stress. In the cytosol, OMI/HtrA2 initiates apoptosis by proteolytic degradation of anti-apoptotic factors. OPC in which NG…
Relationship Between Oxidative Stress, ER Stress, and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes: The Battle Continues
2019
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in which oxidative stress is thought to be a primary cause. Considering that mitochondria are the main source of ROS, we have set out to provide a general overview on how oxidative stress is generated and related to T2D. Enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress occurs in mitochondria as a consequence of an overload of glucose and oxidative phosphorylation. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays an important role in oxidative stress, as it is also a source of ROS. The tight interconnection between both organelles through mitochondrial-associated membranes (MAM…
SUPRACONDYLAR FEMORAL FRACTURE WITH AN INCIDENTAL ENCHONDROMA OF THE TIBIAL PLATEAU
2019
The enchondroma is a benign tumor of the endosteal cartilage and it is common in young-adult patients. These tumors are usually diagnosed when a pathologic fracture occurs at the site of the lesion or when they are accidentally discovered during investigations performed for other reasons. This report describes the case of a patient with an enchondroma of the external tibial plateau. Diagnosis was made treating an ipsilateral supracondylar femoral fracture caused by a traffic accident.
Retracted: Targeting Mitochondria as Therapeutic Strategy for Metabolic Disorders.
2019
Mitochondria are critical regulator of cell metabolism; thus, mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with many metabolic disorders. Defects in oxidative phosphorylation, ROS production, or mtDNA mutations are the main causes of mitochondrial dysfunction in many pathological conditions such as IR/diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Thus, targeting mitochondria has been proposed as therapeutic approach for these conditions, leading to the development of small molecules to be tested in the clinical scenario. Here we discuss therapeutic interventions to treat mitochondrial dysfunction associated with two major metabolic disorders, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. …
Biochemical characteristics of the soluble organic matrix from the shell of three recent terebratulid brachiopod species.
2008
7 pages; International audience; To build their shells, brachiopods secrete a mixture of proteins and polysaccharides, collectively called the organic matrix. This matrix mediates the calcification process by allowing crystal nucleation followed by elongation and finally by stopping the crystal growth. Ultimately, the matrix controls the different microstructures formed. Brachiopod shells are composites with both organic and inorganic constituents intimately associated. This work represents an attempt to characterize the matrices using two combined approaches: (1) scanning electron microscopy for localization within the shell, (2) analysing extracted matrices at the molecular level to deter…
Artificial cartilage bio-matrix formed of hyaluronic acid and Mg2+-polyphosphate.
2016
Here we show that inorganic polyphosphate (polyP), a polyanionic metabolic regulator consisting of multiple phosphate residues linked by energy-rich phosphoanhydride bonds, is present in the synovial fluid. In a biomimetic approach, to enhance cartilage synthesis and regeneration, we prepared amorphous polyP microparticles with Mg2+ as counterions. The particles were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) analyses. Similar particles were obtained after addition of Mg2+ ions to a solution containing hyaluronic acid, as a major component of the synovial fluid, and soluble Na-polyP. The viscous paste-like ma…
N-Methyl-β-carboline alkaloids: structure-dependent photosensitizing properties and localization in subcellular domains
2020
N-Methyl-β-carboline (βC) alkaloids, including normelinonine F (1b) and melinonine F (2b), have been found in a vast range of living species playing different biological, biomedical and/or pharmacological roles. Despite this, molecular bases of the mechanisms through which these alkaloids would exert their effect still remain unknown. Fundamental aspects including the photosensitizing properties and intracellular internalization of a selected group of N-methyl-βC alkaloids were investigated herein. Data reveal that methylation of the βC main ring enhances its photosensitizing properties either by increasing its binding affinity with DNA as a biomolecular target and/or by increasing its oxid…
Autosomal recessive severe dwarfism in a Sicilian girl: a new form of osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism?
1996
A new type of osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism is delineated in a 5- year-old female child with severe growth retardation of prenatal onset, gross skeletal changes, a non-Seckel facial phenotype, and presumed autosomal recessive inheritance.
Interrelationship Among Morphology, Metabolism, and Proliferation of Tumor Cells in Monolayer and Spheroid Culture
1989
Previous investigations have indicated a positive correlation between the proliferative and metabolic activities of tumor cells in monolayer culture (Freyer et al., 1984; Freyer and Sutherland, 1985; Walenta and Mueller-Klieser, 1987). On the other hand, no difference in the local oxygen consumption has been found between highly proliferating outer cell areas and non-proliferating inner cellular regions in multicellular tumor spheroids (Mueller-Klieser, 1984, 1987). Therefore, the interrelationship among metabolism, proliferation, and cellular morphology was investigated systematically in tumor cells both in monolayer and spheroid culture.