Search results for "CHON"

Mitochondrial interference by anti-HIV drugs: mechanisms beyond Pol-γ inhibition.

2011

The combined pharmacological approach to the treatment of HIV infection, known as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), has dramatically reduced AIDS-related morbidity and mortality. However, its use has been associated with serious adverse reactions, of which those resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction are particularly widespread. Nucleos(t)ide-reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) have long been considered the main source of HAART-related mitochondrial toxicity due to their ability to inhibit Pol-γ, the DNA polymerase responsible for the synthesis of mitochondrial DNA. Nevertheless, accumulating evidence points to a more complex relationship between these organelles and NRTI…

Why Women Have More Alzheimer's Disease Than Men: Gender and Mitochondrial Toxicity of Amyloid-β Peptide

2010

The main risk factors for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) are age and gender. The incidence of the disease is higher in women than in men, and this cannot simply be attributed to the higher longevity of women versus men. Thus, there must be a specific pathogenic mechanism to explain the higher incidence of AD cases in women. In this regard, it is notable that mitochondria from young females are protected against amyloid-beta toxicity, generate less reactive oxygen species, and release less apoptogenic signals than those from males. However, all this advantage is lost in mitochondria from old females. Since estrogenic compounds protect against mitochondrial toxicity of amyloid-beta, estr…

MCP-1 and rantes levels in the sinovium of osteoarthritic patients are reduced after treatement with chondroitin sulfate but not with paracetamol

2012

Mitochondrial protein expression in Ratt and in human cells

2006

In the present paper, we analyzed some aspects of the post-transcriptional regulation of two COX (cy-tochrome c oxidase) subunits, i.e. mitochondrion-encoded COXIII and nucleus-encoded COXIV. In particular, by T1 RNase protection assays, we found two proteins, present in mitochondrial extracts from adult rat brain and testis, able to bind COXIII mRNA. We also found cytoplasmic proteins present in testis, kidney and heart extracts that bind COXIV mRNA. Moreover, to study the expression of mitochondrial proteins in tumor cells, we quantitated COXIV and Hsp60 chaperonin abundance in two epithelial cell lines from human breast, one neoplastic (MDA-MB231) and the other immortalized and non-tumor…

16S rRNA sequences as diagnostic tools to elucidate potential symbiotic relationships between bacteria and the marine sponge Halichondria panicea : r…

1999

Population history in social spiders repeated: colony structure and lineage evolution inStegodyphus mimosarum(Eresidae)

2009

Social cooperative spiders from diverse taxonomic families share life-history and demographic traits, including highly inbred colony structure. The combination of traits suggests constrained pathways for social evolution in spiders. The genus Stegodyphus has three independently evolved social species, which can be used as replicate samples to analyse population constraints in evolutionary time. We tested colony structure and population history of the social S. mimosarum from South and East Africa using mitochondrial DNA variation, and we compared the results to published data for the independently evolved social congener S. dumicola. S. mimosarum had many and diverse haplotypes (5-7% sequen…

Effects of a high-fat diet on energy metabolism and ROS production in rat liver.

2011

International audience; BACKGROUND & AIMS: A high-fat diet affects liver metabolism, leading to steatosis, a complex disorder related to insulin resistance and mitochondrial alterations. Steatosis is still poorly understood since diverse effects have been reported, depending on the different experimental models used. METHODS: We hereby report the effects of an 8 week high-fat diet on liver energy metabolism in a rat model, investigated in both isolated mitochondria and hepatocytes. RESULTS: Liver mass was unchanged but lipid content and composition were markedly affected. State-3 mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation was inhibited, contrasting with unaffected cytochrome content. Oxidative…

Molecular characterisation of the species of the genus Zygosaccharomyces.

2003

The restriction fragments polymorphisms of the mitochondrial DNA and the PCR fragment that comprised the internal transcribes spacers and the 5.8S rRNA gene, together with the electrophoretic karyotypes of 40 strains from the 10 species of the genus Zygosaccharomyces, including the new species Z. lentus were examined. The RFLP's of the ITS-5.8S region showed a specific restriction pattern for each species, including the new species Z. lentus. The only exception were the species Z. cidri and Z. fermentati that produced identical restriction profiles. The electrophoretic chromosome patterns confirmed the differences between the species of this genus, including the phylogenetic closest species…

Pleistocene allopatric differentiation followed by recent range expansion explains the distribution and molecular diversity of two congeneric crustac…

2021

AbstractPleistocene glaciations had a tremendous impact on the biota across the Palaearctic, resulting in strong phylogeographic signals of range contraction and rapid postglacial recolonization of the deglaciated areas. Here, we explore the diversity patterns and history of two sibling species of passively dispersing taxa typical of temporary ponds, fairy shrimps (Anostraca). We combine mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear (ITS2 and 18S) markers to conduct a range-wide phylogeographic study including 56 populations of Branchinecta ferox and Branchinecta orientalis in the Palaearctic. Specifically, we investigate whether their largely overlapping ranges in Europe resulted from allopatric differe…

Characterisation of four species of the genus Kluyveromyces by mitochondrial DNA restriction analysis

1997

Summary In the present work, we determine the relationships at the within-species level among strains of Kluyveromyces dobzhanskii, K. lactis, K. marxianus, and K. thermotolerans, through the restriction analysis of their mtDNAs. The three first species showed a high level of intraspecific mtDNA divergence, this polymorphism is correlated to the varieties or species defined according to the original taxonomy of the genus, which is in concordance with that shown by other phenotypic or genotypic markers codified for by the nuclear genome. In these species, the analysis of the relationships among strains based on mtDNA restriction data agrees with previous classifications based on morphologica…