Search results for "COMPARTMENT"

The Formation of The Plant Vacuolar System

1999

The plant vacuole is a multifunctional subcellular compartment. In general, the vacuolar system is constituted of a single or few vacuoles. About 80% of the volume of mature plant cells is occupied by vacuoles. These organelles are limited by a single membrane, the tonoplast. According to the cell type and to particular functions, the vacuolar content can vary from a homogeneous consistency to a heterogeneous matrix containing crystalloid structures (Boiler, Wiemken, 1986; Marty et al., 1980). From the biotechnological point of view, the endomembrane system of plants, particularly the ER and vacuoles, can be envisioned as the ultimate environment for stable protein accumulation. Several rep…

Cationic Au Nanoparticle Binding with Plasma Membrane-like Lipid Bilayers: Potential Mechanism for Spontaneous Permeation to Cells Revealed by Atomis…

2014

Despite being chemically inert as a bulk material, nanoscale gold can pose harmful side effects to living organisms. In particular, cationic Au nanoparticles (AuNP+) of 2 nm diameter or less permeate readily through plasma membranes and induce cell death. We report atomistic simulations of cationic Au nanoparticles interacting with realistic membranes and explicit solvent using a model system that comprises two cellular compartments, extracellular and cytosolic, divided by two asymmetric lipid bilayers. The membrane-AuNP+ binding and membrane reorganization processes are discovered to be governed by cooperative effects where AuNP+, counterions, water, and the two membrane leaflets all contr…

Cellular Compartmentalization of Glutathione

2009

The Abdominal Compartment Syndrome (ACS) after Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) open repair

2009

Objective: The abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is a ‘condition in which increased tissue pressure in a confined anatomic space, causes decreased blood flow leading to ischaemia and dysfunction and leading to permanent impairment of function’. Methods: Between June 2007 and June 2008 we treated surgically 23 cases of AAA (14 in election and nine in emergency), with indirect intra- abdominal pressure (IAP) monitoring (intra-vescical catheter). Mean age was 68 (64–84) years, 19 males and 4 females. Mean transverse diameter was 6.2 cm (5.5–9.0). Preoperative diagnostic procedure was ultrasound and tomography when possible. All patients were managed in hypotensive hemostasis (restricting fl…

Chromogranin A in the Mammalian Merkel Cell: Cellular and Subcellular Distribution

1989

Chromogranin-A (CGA), which accounts for more than half the soluble matrix protein in secretory granules of various neuroendocrine cells, has a wide spectrum of potential biological roles and is considered an important marker of the diffuse neuroendocrine system (DNES). Light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry of mammalian skin revealed that Merkel cells are exclusively CGA-immunoreactive (ir) and that the immunoreaction is localized in the secretory granules. This finding supports the classification of the Merkel cell as a member of the DNES. The CGA immunoreactivity was restricted to Merkel cells of pigs and humans. In human embryonic skin, CGA was expressed in Merkel cells as …

Determination of the Subcellular Origin of [14C] Acetylcholine (ACh) and [3H] Acetylpyrrolidinecholine (Apych) Released from Guinea-Pig Cerebral Cort…

1978

After in vivo application of radiolabelled choline, radioactive ACh is formed and can be released from the brain by electrical stimulation. However, its origin is still obscure because, due to the metabolical heterogeneity of synaptic vesicles, no subcellular compartment has been found with a specific activity (SA) corresponding to that of released transmitter. To bypass this heterogeneity problem, two different labelled precursors can be used.

Muscular Strength Imbalances Are not Associated with Skin Temperature Asymmetries in Soccer Players

2020

Although strength imbalances using isokinetic dynamometer have been examined for injury risk screening in soccer players, it is very expensive and time-consuming, making the evaluation of new methods appealing. The aim of the study was to analyze the agreement between muscular strength imbalances and skin temperature bilateral asymmetries as well as skin temperature differences in the hamstrings and quadriceps. The skin temperature of the anterior and posterior thigh of 59 healthy male soccer athletes was assessed at baseline using infrared thermography for the identification of hamstrings-quadriceps skin temperature differences and thermal asymmetries (&gt

3 ′-5 ′ crosstalk contributes to transcriptional bursting

2019

Abstract Background Transcription in mammalian cells is a complex stochastic process involving shuttling of polymerase between genes and phase-separated liquid condensates. It occurs in bursts, which results in vastly different numbers of an mRNA species in isogenic cell populations. Several factors contributing to transcriptional bursting have been identified, usually classified as intrinsic, in other words local to single genes, or extrinsic, relating to the macroscopic state of the cell. However, some possible contributors have not been explored yet. Here, we focus on processes at the 3 ′ and 5 ′ ends of a gene that enable reinitiation of transcription upon termination. Results Using Bay…

Multicompartmental Lipopolyplex as Vehicle for Antigens and Genes Delivery in Vaccine Formulations

2021

Vector design and its characterization is an area of great interest in current vaccine research. In this article, we have formulated and characterized a multicompartmental lipopolyplex, which associates multiple liposomes and polyplexes in the same complex. These particles allow the simultaneous delivery of lipid or water-soluble antigens associated with genes to the same cell, in much higher amounts than conventional lipopolyplexes. The vector characterization and optimization were carried out using liposomes with entrapped carboxyfluorescein and adapted electrophoretic assays. Two types of lipopolyplexes (containing hydrophilic or lipophilic antigens) were employed to evaluate their inter…

Natural enemies emerging in cereal fields in spring may contribute to biological control

2022

1.Biological pest control is known to depend on landscape heterogeneity. However, such relationship shows irregular pattern and seems influenced by local farming practices and natural enemies that overwinter within crop fields. The objective of this study was to assess the contribution of emerging natural enemies in spring to biological control, and their response to the interaction between landscape heterogeneity and farming intensity. 2.We monitored the overwintering insect community using emergence traps and measured the local potential pest predation using prey cards in 30 cereal fields, in spring in France. Study fields were selected along a landscape heterogeneity gradient and farming…