Search results for "COPE"
showing 10 items of 3215 documents
Immunogenicity of a Fully Synthetic MUC1 Glycopeptide Antitumor Vaccine Enhanced by Poly(I:C) as a TLR3-Activating Adjuvant.
2017
Fully synthetic MUC1 glycopeptide antitumor vaccines have a precisely specified structure and induce a targeted immune response without suppression of the immune response when using an immunogenic carrier protein. However, tumor-associated aberrantly glycosylated MUC1 glycopeptides are endogenous structures, “self-antigens”, that exhibit only low immunogenicity. To overcome this obstacle, a fully synthetic MUC1 glycopeptide antitumor vaccine was combined with poly(inosinic acid:cytidylic acid), poly(I:C), as a structurally defined Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-activating adjuvant. This vaccine preparation elicited extraordinary titers of IgG antibodies which strongly bound human breast cancer…
Transient hypothyroidism during lactation alters the development of the corpus callosum in rats. An in vivo magnetic resonance image and electron mic…
2020
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of children with late diagnosed congenital hypothyroidism and cognitive alterations such as abnormal verbal memory processing suggest altered telencephalic commissural connections. The corpus callosum (CC) is the major inter-hemispheric commissure that contra-laterally connects neocortical areas. However, in late diagnosed neonates with congenital hypothyroidism, the possible effect of early transient and chronic postnatal hypothyroidism still remains unknown. We have studied the development of the anterior, middle and posterior CC, using in vivo MRI and electron microscopy in hypothyroid and control male rats. Four groups of methimazole (MMI) treated r…
Raman spectroscopy as a tool for ecology and evolution.
2017
7 pages; International audience; Scientists are always on the lookout for new modalities of information which could reveal new biological features that are useful for deciphering the complexity of biological systems. Here, we introduce Raman spectroscopy as a prime candidate for ecology and evolution. To encourage the integration of this microscopy technique in the field of ecology and evolution, it is crucial to discuss first how Raman spectroscopy fits within the conceptual, technical and pragmatic considerations of ecology and evolution. In this paper, we show that the spectral information holds reliable indicators of intra- and interspecies variations, which can be related to the enviro…
Ultrasound Biomarkers for Sarcopenia: What Can We Tell So Far?
2020
AbstractSarcopenia is a disease characterized by decreased skeletal muscle mass, strength, and loss of function that can impair quality of life and increase physical disability, adverse metabolic effects, and mortality. This review familiarizes the reader with ultrasound (US)-based biomarkers for sarcopenia with a discussion of these topics: why assessing sarcopenia is relevant for radiologists, how to evaluate muscle structure with US, the current challenges or pitfalls of these biomarkers, and the implications of all the available evidence. It summarizes the most up-to-date literature on the pathophysiology behind the use of these US-based biomarkers, the biomarkers themselves, and a prot…
Imaging Noncanonical Autophagy and LC3-Associated Phagocytosis in Cultured Cells
2019
International audience; Monitoring of ATG8 proteins by western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy are the most common methods to monitor the autophagy pathway. However, it has recently been shown that ATG8 proteins can be lipidated to non-autophagosome, single-membrane compartments through a noncanonical autophagy pathway. This is commonly found to occur during macro-endocytic processes such as phagocytosis, where it has been termed LC3-associated phagocytosis, and upon lysosomotropic drug treatment. Therefore, care is required when interpreting data based on ATG8 in order to conclude whether a signal relates to the canonical or noncanonical pathway. Here we provide methods to monit…
Quantification of propagating and standing surface acoustic waves by stroboscopic X-ray photoemission electron microscopy.
2018
The quantification of surface acoustic waves (SAWs) in LiNbO3 piezoelectric crystals by stroboscopic X-ray photoemission electron microscopy (XPEEM), with a temporal smearing below 80 ps and a spatial resolution below 100 nm, is reported. The contrast mechanism is the varying piezoelectric surface potential associated with the SAW phase. Thus, kinetic energy spectra of photoemitted secondary electrons measure directly the SAW electrical amplitude and allow for the quantification of the associated strain. The stroboscopic imaging combined with a deliberate detuning allows resolving and quantifying the respective standing and propagating components of SAWs from a superposition of waves. Furth…
Comparative evaluation of bioactive cements on biomimetic remineralization of dentin
2020
Background This study was designed to quantitatively compare the presence of apatite peaks on demineralized dentin to induced bio-mimetically by bioactive commercial materials. Material and methods Dentin slice specimens (n=6) were prepared and demineralized by by17% EDTA for 2 hours. Each disks materials (Theracal, Biodentine, CPP-ACP) were freshly prepared and was maintained in close contact with a demineralized dentin specimen immersed in PBS solution during one week. To evaluation of bioactivity, cements disks (n=6) were prepared from each material and immersed in PBS solution for one week. The bioactivity and remineralization ability was evaluated using FTIR spectroscopy and Scanning E…
Swift light sheet volumetric charting of large human brain portions
2020
Using a custom light sheet fluorescence microscope, we image large stained human brain portions, labelled for NeuN and GAD67 neuronal markers, discerning the inhibitory population via neural-network based image analysis and exposing the brain connectivity.
2020
In midlife, women experience hormonal changes due to menopausal transition. A decrease especially in estradiol has been hypothesized to cause loss of muscle mass. This study investigated the effect of menopausal transition on changes in lean and muscle mass, from the total body to the muscle fiber level, among 47–55-year-old women. Data were used from the Estrogenic Regulation of Muscle Apoptosis (ERMA) study, where 234 women were followed from perimenopause to early postmenopause. Hormone levels (estradiol and follicle stimulating hormone), total and regional body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and computed tomography (CT) scans), physical activity level (self-reported…
Multi-class Text Complexity Evaluation via Deep Neural Networks
2019
Automatic Text Complexity Evaluation (ATE) is a natural language processing task which aims to assess texts difficulty taking into account many facets related to complexity. A large number of papers tackle the problem of ATE by means of machine learning algorithms in order to classify texts into complex or simple classes. In this paper, we try to go beyond the methodologies presented so far by introducing a preliminary system based on a deep neural network model whose objective is to classify sentences into more of two classes. Experiments have been carried out on a manually annotated corpus which has been preprocessed in order to make it suitable for the scope of the paper. The results sho…