Search results for "Caps"
showing 10 items of 745 documents
The reaction of Ciona intestinalis L. (Tunicata) to subcuticular erythrocyte and protein injection
1981
Abstract Ciona intestinalis reacts to subcuticular injection of corpuscular or soluble antigens producing a capsule around the foreign material. The morphology and the histochemical composition of the injected area was examined. The time sequence of the reaction is characterized by a heightened non-specific secondary response.
Two new species ofUlota(Orthotrichaceae, Bryopsida) with multicellular spores, from the Hengduan Mountains, Southwestern China
2011
Two new species, Ulota yunnanensis and Ulota gigantospora, are described from Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces, China. Both have multicellular spores, a relatively uncommon character in the genus. Differences between the species include growth form and habit, leaf areolation, capsule shape, peristome structure and ornamentation, operculum shape and colour, as well as vaginula and calyptra hairiness. These characters and those discriminating the new species from other ones with similar spore type are discussed and illustrated.
Genetic lesions associated with Muller's ratchet in an RNA virus
1996
The molecular basis of Muller's ratchet has been investigated using the important animal pathogen foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Clones from two FMDV populations were subjected to serial plaque transfers (repeated bottleneck events) on host BHK-21 cells. Relative fitness losses were documented in 11 out of 19 clones tested. Small fitness gains were observed in three clones. One viral clone attained an extremely low plating efficiency, suggesting that accumulation of deleterious mutations had driven the virus near extinction. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed unique genetic lesions in multiply transferred clones that had never been seen in FMDVs isolated in nature or subjected to m…
Inside a Shell—Organometallic Catalysis Inside Encapsulin Nanoreactors
2021
Abstract Compartmentalization of chemical reactions inside cells are a fundamental requirement for life. Encapsulins are self‐assembling protein‐based nanocompartments from the prokaryotic repertoire that present a highly attractive platform for intracellular compartmentalization of chemical reactions by design. Using single‐molecule Förster resonance energy transfer and 3D‐MINFLUX analysis, we analyze fluorescently labeled encapsulins on a single‐molecule basis. Furthermore, by equipping these capsules with a synthetic ruthenium catalyst via covalent attachment to a non‐native host protein, we are able to perform in vitro catalysis and go on to show that engineered encapsulins can be used …
Antiviral Mechanisms of N-Phenyl Benzamides on Coxsackie Virus A9
2023
Enteroviruses are one of the most abundant groups of viruses infecting humans, and yet there are no approved antivirals against them. To find effective antiviral compounds against enterovirus B group viruses, an in-house chemical library was screened. The most effective compounds against Coxsackieviruses B3 (CVB3) and A9 (CVA9) were CL212 and CL213, two N-phenyl benzamides. Both compounds were more effective against CVA9 and CL213 gave a better EC50 value of 1 µM with high a specificity index of 140. Both drugs were most effective when incubated directly with viruses suggesting that they mainly bound to the virions. A real-time uncoating assay showed that the compounds stabilized the virion…
Acetylcholinesterase-Capped Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles That Open in the Presence of Diisopropylfluorophosphate (a Sarin or Soman Simulant)
2016
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with rhodamine B and capped with acetylcholinesterase are able to be selectively opened and deliver their cargo in the presence of nerve agent simulant diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP).
Mechanism of nanocapsules formation by the emulsion-diffusion process.
2007
International audience; A detailed investigation into the mechanisms of nanocapsule formation by means of the two stages “emulsion–diffusion” process is reported. Such widely used process is still poorly understood. An emulsion of oil, polymer and ethyl acetate is fabricated as a first step; dilution with pure water allows ethyl acetate to diffuse out from the droplets, leaving a suspension of nanocapsules at the end. It has been shown that the size of nanocapsules was related to the chemical composition of the organic phase and the size of primary emulsion through a simple geometrical relationship. As a consequence, most of the properties of the nanocapsules were decided at the emulsificat…
Biomolecular conjugation inside synthetic polymer nanopores via glycoprotein-lectin interactions
2011
We demonstrate the supramolecular bioconjugation of concanavalin A (Con A) protein with glycoenzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) inside single nanopores, fabricated in heavy ion tracked polymer membranes. Firstly, the HRP-enzyme was covalently immobilized on the inner wall of the pores using carbodiimide coupling chemistry. The immobilized HRP-enzyme molecules bear sugar (mannose) groups available for the binding of Con A protein. Secondly, the bioconjugation of Con A on the pore wall was achieved through its biospecific interactions with the mannose residues of the HRP enzyme. The immobilization of biomolecules inside the nanopore leads to the reduction of the available area for ionic tran…
Microencapsulation of antioxidant compounds through innovative technologies and its specific application in meat processing
2018
Background Meat has a complex physical structure and chemical composition that is very prone to oxidation. Plants are sources of biologically active compounds (antioxidants) of interest as potential raw materials for meat processing, primary as replacements for synthetic additives. Some examples are essential oils from aromatic plants that are usually unstable under common processing and storage conditions and exhibit strong smell and off flavour. Hence, stable delivery systems like encapsulation are required. Scope and approach Encapsulation, and particularly spray-drying, offers protection of active compounds, their controlled and targeted release in food products and ability to mask unac…
Xenotransplantation of parathyroids in rats using barium-alginate and polyacrylic acid multilayer microcapsules
2001
The integrity and function of encapsulated parathyroid tissue following xenotransplantation is limited by oxygen and nutrition supply and capsule fibrosis. Since some of these factors depend on stability and biocompatibility of the coating material, multilayer microcapsules have been developed. Parathyroid tissue pieces and digested single cells from pigs were encapsulated in barium-alginate and in polyacrylic acid (PAA) multilayer capsules. After 7 days of culture the function of the encapsulated cells were assessed. Subsequently, in a part of the cultured microcapsules the viability was directly assessed whereas the other part was transplanted in dark animal [DA] rats for 30 days. After e…